Asian Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as one of the most critical challenges to global health, affecting animals, humans, and ecosystems alike. Addressing this issue requires innovative and sustainable solutions, including plant derived compounds with microbiological activity. This bibliographic review investigates the antimicrobial potential of bioactive compounds from artichoke (Cynara scolymus), emphasizing their veterinary applications and significance within the One Health context. A total of 36 studies published between 2000 and 2025 were included after applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. These studies were critically analyzed to synthesize current knowledge on the chemical composition of artichoke extracts, their antimicrobial mechanisms of action, microbiological effects, and veterinary applications.

Evidence shows that saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids present in Cynara scolymus possess significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, for example Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These compounds act mainly by disrupting cell membranes, inhibiting metabolic pathways, and enhancing the efficacy of conventional antimicrobials. In addition, several studies report their ability to modulate ruminal microbiota, improving fermentation efficiency and increasing beneficial microbial populations, which are essential for animal health and productivity.

However, most available data are derived from in vitro studies, with limited in vivo and clinical evidence, and considerable variability in extraction methods and compound concentrations. These factors highlight the need for standardized methodologies and controlled trials.

In conclusion, Cynara scolymus represents a promising source of bioactive molecules that could support the development of innovative and sustainable strategies in veterinary medicine. Integrating these compounds into therapeutic protocols, feed additives, and preventive health approaches may contribute to reducing antimicrobial resistance and advancing the One Health agenda. Recent FAO policy guidance (2021 to 2025) reinforces the importance of multisectoral coordination, integrated surveillance, and the evaluation of phytogenic alternatives to antibiotics. This framework strengthens the rationale for exploring Cynara scolymus bioactives as complementary tools to mitigate AMR at the human animal environment interface.