Climate Change and Soil Health: A Review of Adaptation and Mitigation Practices
Gangadaran Muhilan
*
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
Bagavathi Ammal Uma
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Nedungadu Post, Karaikal 609 603, India.
Rajakumar R
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Nedungadu Post, Karaikal 609 603, India.
Kancha Sai Kiran
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
Elavarasi Prabakaran
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
Venkatesan, V.G
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Nedungadu Post, Karaikal 609 603, India.
Akash Amulpandi
Department of Agriculture, Kalasalingam School of Agriculture and Horticulture, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankovil, Srivilliputhur, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mohamed Aseemudheen M
Department of Agricultural Extension & Rural Sociology, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Soil represents three phase system which acts as a medium for agriculture production. Notably, at present, there were abrupt climate change like increase in temperature, drastic shift in rainfall pattern, precipitation, relative humidity and many more were noticed which not only affect plant physiological function, but also for soil individual properties (physical, chemical and biological) which ultimately hinders crop growth and development leads to limited food production. Although increase in one degree Celsius was found to increase pest population incidence by 20-30% which reduces yield by 6%. Suitable management practices were crucial in augmenting climate change scenario. Many studies shall focused management practices for crop health due to physiological function neglecting soil management process. This review briefly emphasize the significance effect of changing climate towards various soil individual properties and the suitable mitigation strategies like system of farming practices, inter-cropping, crop diversification, cover crops, amending beneficial microbes, conservation tillage and other precision technologies were involved for better crop production and to sustain agro-ecological system under changing climate.
Keywords: Climate, health, production, soil, sustainability