Current State of Alkyd Resin Synthesis and Characterization, Extracted from Vegetable Oils
Kalu M. Kalu
*
Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, P.M.B. 127, Tudun-Wada, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.
Michael Emmanuel
Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, P.M.B. 127, Tudun-Wada, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103, United States of America.
Emmanuel K. Chinedu
Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University, P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Mtswen Saa-Aondo
Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University, P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Jibril M. Yelwa
Scientific and Industrial Research Department, National Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Rome Kenneth
Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Naibi A. Haruna
Department of Chemistry, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Zaccheus Shehu
Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, P.M.B. 127, Tudun-Wada, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Alkyd resins' high film-forming capacity, excellent adhesion, and durability to a variety of environmental conditions have led to its major attention in the field of industrial coatings and paint applications. The purpose of this work is to present a thorough overview of the synthesis and characterization of alkyd resins for these particular uses. Thirty-eight (38) vegetable oils were reviewed from 2001 to 2023 whose data were derived from online sources, not excluding google scholar, ScienceDirect and Semantics scholar. Alkyd resins are made by reacting polyols (like glycerol or pentaerythritol) with dicarboxylic acids (like phthalic anhydride), then modifying the mixture with fatty acids or drying oils. The qualities of the resulting alkyd resins are significantly influenced by process variables, including catalysts, reaction conditions, and raw material selection. Numerous methods are used in the characterization of alkyd resins, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermal analysis (TGA/DSC).
These methods offer important insights into the alkyd resins' molecular weight distribution, thermal stability, and chemical structure. Gaining knowledge about the synthesis and characterization of alkyd resins helps to optimize their formulation for use in paint and industrial coatings, improving their performance and durability.
Keywords: Alkyd resin, coating, painting, vegetable oils, TGA, DSC, FTIR, GPC, NMR