Asian Journal of Current Research

Genotype by Trait (GT) Biplot Analysis for Multi-trait Evaluation and Selection in Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Genotypes

C. Anjana — 2026-09-07

Multi-trait evaluation of genotypes is a cornerstone of modern plant breeding, and graphical analytical tools such as the Genotype by Trait (GT) biplot have become indispensable for simultaneously interpreting complex genotype–trait relationships. In the present investigation, GT biplot analysis was employed to evaluate 45 sesame genotypes during Rabi 2025–26 across 14 yield and yield-attributing traits. The two principal components, PC1 (24.52%) and PC2 (18.45%), collectively accounted for 42.97% of the total variation. The which-won-where polygon view of the GT biplot delineated nine sectors with vertex genotypes TPTS-83, TPTS-94, TPTS-152, TPTS-66, TPTS-144, TPTS-45, TPTS-69, RMT-586 and RMT-631 exhibiting superior performance for their respective trait clusters. TPTS-66 was associated with days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, first capsule height, specific leaf area and oil content, whereas TPTS-69 and RMT-586 were associated with branching traits, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, thousand-seed weight, harvest index and seed yield per plant. The vector view of the GT biplot revealed significant positive associations of seed yield per plant with harvest index, 1000-seed weight, number of primary and secondary branches, number of capsules per plant, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) and capsule length. The genotype TPTS-45 was identified as the ideal genotype, with JCS-3993, TPTS-144, VS-21-008, TPTS-244, TPTS-69 and VS-20-001 ranking as the most desirable. The discriminativeness versus representativeness analysis highlighted seed yield per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of primary and secondary branches, plant height and first capsule axis height as the most informative and reliable traits for genotype selection. These findings provide a robust framework for multi-trait-based selection and hybridisation in sesame breeding programmes aimed at developing high-yielding, early-maturing cultivars with improved oil content.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels in Surface Water and Sediment from Mini-Welele River in Mgbuosimini Community, Rivers State, Nigeria

V. Sunday — 2026-09-10

This study assessed the concentrations, spatial distribution and pollution status of selected heavy metals in surface water and sediment from the Mini-Welele River in Mgbuosimini Community, Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. Five sampling stations were established along the river to represent sections influenced by different levels of settlement, drainage and other human activities. Surface water samples were collected in clean acid-washed polyethylene bottles, preserved with nitric acid, digested and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Surficial sediment samples were collected from the same stations, air-dried, homogenised, sieved, acid-digested and analysed for metals using the same instrumental technique. Surface water was analysed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn and Ni, while sediment was analysed for Cr, Pb and Ni. Because only station-level mean concentrations were available, the data were treated descriptively using ranges, means, standard deviations, total metal burden, comparison with guideline values and sediment pollution indices. Surface water mean concentrations followed the order Fe (1.480 mg/L) > Pb (0.658 mg/L) > Ni (0.514 mg/L) > Cr (0.353 mg/L) > Cd (0.141 mg/L) > Mn (0.119 mg/L) > Cu (0.070 mg/L). Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni and Cd exceeded the guideline values used for screening comparison, while Cu and Mn were below the respective comparison limits. Sediment mean concentrations followed the order Pb (49.18 mg/kg) > Cr (35.26 mg/kg) > Ni (19.56 mg/kg). Contamination factor values indicated low to moderate Cr contamination, moderate to considerable Pb contamination and low Ni contamination. Geoaccumulation index values generally indicated unpolluted to moderately polluted sediment conditions, while pollution load index values below 1 suggested no overall combined pollution load for the sediment metals assessed. The findings show measurable heavy metal inputs into the Mini-Welele River, particularly in surface water and Pb-enriched sediment zones. Routine monitoring, waste-control enforcement, community awareness and more detailed seasonal studies are recommended.

Incident Response in Cybersecurity: A Systematic Review

Lawrence Olabisi Kazeem — 2026-09-04

Background: Cybersecurity incident response is commonly described as a sequence of technical activities, yet major incidents are managed by people working across organisational boundaries, under uncertainty and time pressure. Evidence about the human, organisational, procedural and technological conditions that shape response performance has not been consolidated across sectors.

Objective: To determine which factors shape organisational cybersecurity incident-response performance and what evidence exists that training, structured processes, collaboration or decision support improve operational outcomes.

Methods: An openly accessible evidence search was completed on 6 July 2026 for English-language primary empirical reports published from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2026. Six reproducible web searches were supplemented by backward citation checking. One reviewer screened records, assessed full texts, extracted data and applied the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018. Because designs, settings, outcomes and estimands were incompatible, findings were synthesised thematically without statistical pooling.

Results: Eighty-five records were identified, 11 duplicates were removed, 74 records were screened, 30 full-text reports were assessed and 26 reports representing 25 unique studies were included. Evidence was predominantly qualitative and spanned security operations centres, computer security incident response teams, critical infrastructure, finance, public administration and healthcare. Recurrent determinants were shared situation awareness, communication across tiers and shifts, role clarity, trusted informal networks, workload and staffing, realistic cross-functional training, usable tools and data, and learning that extends beyond immediate technical restoration. Healthcare studies showed that manual alternatives and local adaptation can preserve care, but may transfer substantial safety and wellbeing burdens to staff. Automation was perceived as useful, but respondents expressed limited willingness to delegate decisions without human oversight.

Conclusions: Cybersecurity incident response is a socio-technical capability rather than a discrete technical procedure. Moderate-confidence evidence supports investment in shared situation awareness, explicit coordination, sustainable staffing and deliberate learning. Evidence for particular training formats, automation strategies and objective improvements in detection, containment or recovery time remains limited. Prospective multi-site evaluations using common operational and human-factors outcomes are needed.