DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION PATTERN OF SHRUBS OF BETALGHAT REGION (KUMAUN HIMALAYA)
Asian Journal of Plant and Soil Sciences, Volume 6, Issue 1,
Page 159-174
Abstract
The study was conducted to document the diversity of shrubs in Betalghat region of Nainital district (Kumaun Himalaya, India). A total of 200 species belongs to 144 genera and 50 families were recorded from the study area. The dominant families were Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Apocynaceae, Rosaceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Oleaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Urticaceae, Asparagaceae, Rubiaceae and Rutaceae. The maximum and minimum number of species was reported in the altitudinal zones (1001-1300m), (1600-1800 m) respectively. Total recorded species from the region were used for various purposes such as fodder (130), medicinal (78), edible (56), fuel (50), ornamental (22), fibre (18), religious (12), bio-insecticides, padding for cattle (4), fish poison (3) and broom making (2). For each species, vernacular and botanical names, habitat preference, altitudinal range (m), flowering and fruiting period and utilization patterns were provided. This study is useful for determining the composition and their utilization pattern with developing strategies for the conservation and management of species.
Keywords:
- Shrubs
- diversity
- distribution
- utilization pattern
- Betalghat
- Kumaun Himalaya
How to Cite
PANDEY, N. C., TEWARI, L. M., & JOSHI, G. C. (2021). DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION PATTERN OF SHRUBS OF BETALGHAT REGION (KUMAUN HIMALAYA). Asian Journal of Plant and Soil Sciences, 6(1), 159–174. Retrieved from https://ikprress.org/index.php/AJOPSS/article/view/7114
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Adhikari BS, Babu MM, Saklani PL, Rawat GS. Medicinal Trees of Uttaranchal State:Distribution, Use Pattern and Prospects for Conservation. Indian Forester. 2003;129(2):243- 267.
Adhikari BS, Babu MM, Saklani PL, Rawat GS. Distribution, Use Pattern and potential for Conservation of Medicinal Climbers in Uttaranchal State. Indian Forester.2005;131(7):901-916.
Adhikari BS, Babu MM, Saklani PL, Rawat GS. Distribution, Use Pattern and Prospects for Conservation of Medicinal Shrubs in Uttaranchal State, India. Journal of Mountain Science. 2007;4(2):155-180.
Duthie JF. Catalogue of the Plants of Kumaun and of the adjacent portions of Garhwal and Tibet based on the collections made by Strachey and Winterbottom during the years 1946-1949. London. 1906.
Osmaston AE. A forest flora for Kumaun. Bishen Singh Mahindra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India. 1927;605.
Gupta RK. Flora Nainitalensis:A Handbook of the flowering plants of Nainital. Navayug Traders, New Delhi. 1968;489.
Kalakoti BS. Flora of Nainital Hills. Thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 1983.
Naithani BD. Flora of Chamoli. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. 1984-85;I–II.
Pant PC. The Flora of Corbett National Park. Botanical Survey of India, Howarh; 1986.
Joshi GC. Studies on the Thistle and Legume families of Kumaun. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand; 1987.
Gaur RD. Flora of District Garhwal North-West Himalaya (with Ethnobotanical Notes). Trans Media House, Shri Nagar (Garhwal), India. 1999;811.
Arya D, Khan AH. Ethnomedicinal plants and their contribution to cure various ailments as household remedies in Garhwal Himalaya, India. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2015;6(4):1590-1595.
Pandey NC, Joshi GC, Tewari LM. Ethnobotanical plant diversity of Betalghat region, Kumaun Himalaya. Biolife. 2016;4 (4):629-649.
Pandey NC, Joshi GC, Tewari LM, Pangtey YPS. Diversity of Fodder Plants of Betalghat Block, Nainital, Western Himalaya. International Journal of Environment. 2017;6(4):1-27.
Arya JC, Joshi GC, Tewari LM. Medicinal Flora of Tarai Region of Uttarakhand. Shree Publishers & Distributors New Delhi, India. 2018;344.
Joshi GC, Tewari LM, Pandey NC, Upreti BM. Flora of Ranikhet, West Himalaya. Indu Book Services (Publishers & Distributors) New Delhi, India. 2018;375.
Mehta P, Sekar KC, Negi VS, Kuniyal JC. Shrub Diversity of the Western Himalaya, India. G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, Uttarakhand, India. 2019;88.
Bhatt D, Joshi GC, Tewari LM, Pandey NC. Traditional Medicinal Systems and Threatened Medicinal Plants of Kumaun, Western Himalaya, India. Indu Book Services (Publishers & Distributors) New Delhi, India. 2020;126.
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APG. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants:APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016;181(1):1-20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385. Accessed on 5 April 2018.
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Samant, S.S. and Joshi, H.C. 2003. Floristic diversity, community patterns and changes of vegetation in Nanda Devi National Parks. Himalayan Biosphere Reserves, 5(1&2): 39-54.
Thakur NS. Diversity and importance of shrubs in traditional agroforestry systems in India. 2017.
Tufekcioglu A, Raich JW, Isenhart TM, Schultz RC. Root biomass, soil respiration and root distribution in crop fields and riparian buffer zone. Agroforestry systems. 1999;44:163-174.
Schultz RC, Isenhat TM, Simpkin WW, Colletti JP. Reparian forest buffers in agroecosystems-lesson learned from the Bear Creek Watershed, central Iowa, USA. Agroforestry Systems. 2004;61:35-50.
Chaplin FS. The mineral nutrition of wild plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 1981;11:233-260.
Maithani GP, Bahuguna VK, Negi JDS. Survey of shrubs for hastening process of reclamation of ecologically vulnerable areas of central Himalayas. Indian Forester. 1988;114(5):243-250.
Bargali K. Actinorhizal plants of Kumaun Himalaya and their ecological significance. African Journal of Plant Science. 2011; 5(7):401-406.
Negi JDS, Singh O. Shrubs and their role in environmental conservation of degraded slopes of Himalaya. Indian Forester. 1991;117(6):447-453.
Thakur NS, Gupta NK, Gupta B. Biomass, carbon stocks and CO2 removal under different agroforestry systems in Western Himalaya. Indian Journal of Ecology. 2011b;38(1):14-17.
Ram SC, Ramakrishnan PS. Hydrology and Soil fertility of degraded grasslands at Cherrapunji in North East India. Environmental Conservation. 1988;15(1):29-35.
Pathak.S. Agroforestry and development. In:B. Gopal (Ed.) Ecology and Sustainable Development. National Institute of Ecology, New Delhi, India. 1991;pp. 27-43.
Maikhuri RK, Semwal RL. Agroforestry for rehabilitation of degraded community land:a case study in the Garhwal Himalaya, India. International Tree Crop Journal. 1997;l:89-99.
Singh M, Kanstra LD. Utilization of whole aspen tree material as a roughage component in growing cattle diets. Journal of Animal Science. 1981;53:551-556.
Subba DB, Tamang PM, Tamang BB. Seasonal variation in the proximate principles of some common tree fodders in the Eastern Hills of Nepal. Veterinary Review. 1994;9(2) &10(1):23-26.
Khanal RC, Subba DB. Nutritional evaluation of leaves from some major fodder trees cultivated in the hills of Nepal. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2001;92:17-32.
Vishvakarma SCR, Kuniyal JC, Singh GS. Indigenous agroforestry system of North Western Himalaya. Research for Mountain Development. Some Initiatives and Accomplishments, GyanodayaPrakashan, Nainital. 1998;99-118.
Roder W, Rinzin GT. Ficus auriculata:Its relative importance in Bhutan, farmerís preference and fodder quality. Agroforestry Systems. 2003;57:11-17.
Singh AP, Parabia M. Status medicinal plants consumption by the pharmaceutical industries in Gujarat State. Indian Forester. 2003;129(2):199-212.
Sarin YK. 2003. Medicinal plant raw materials for Indian drug pharmaceutical industry I. An appraisal of resources. Indian Forester. 2003;129(1):3-23.
Badola HK, Pal M. Threatened medicinal plants and their conservation in Himachal Himalayas. Indian Forester. 2003;129(1): 55-68.
Jawaid S, Kumar S, Khan M, Arya M, Anand VK. Diversity, distribution and utilization pattern of economically important woody plants associated with agro-forestry in District Rajouri, J & K (Northwest Himalaya). Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009;13:801-809.
Samant SS. Diversity, distribution and conservation of fodder resource of west Himalaya, India. In:B. Misri (ed.) Proceedings of the Third Temperate Pasture and Fodder Network (TAPAFON), Pokhra, Nepal , sponsored by F.A.O. Rome. 1998;109-128.
Thakur NS, Verma KS, Gupta NK. Structural difference vis-‡-vis economic utility of shrubs and forage in different agroforestry systems in sub-tropical Himalayan region. Indian Journal of Tree Sciences. 2007;26(2):35-48.
Thakur NS, Gupta NK, Gupta B. Variation in community structure and biomass production of shrub and herb layer in agroforestry systems in Himachal Pradesh A case study. Indian journal of Agroforestry. 20011a;3(1):13-18.
Samant SS, Dhar U. Diversity, endemism and economic potential of wild edible plants of Indian Himalaya. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 1997;4:179-191.
Samant SS, Palni LMS. Diversity, Distribution and Indigenous uses of essential oil yielding plants of Indian Himalayan Region. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences. 2000;4:671-684.
Samant SS, Dhar U, Palni LMS. Medicinal plants of Indian Himalaya:diversity distribution potential values. GyanodayaPrakashan, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 1998. 163.
Samant SS, Pant S. Diversity distribution pattern and Traditional knowledge of scared plants of Indian Himalayan Region. Indian Journal of Forestry. 2003;26 (3):201-213.
Srivastava SK, Singh DK. Glimpses of the Plan wealth of Uttaranchal. Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Deharadun, Uttarakhand. 2005; 158.
Pant S, Samant SS. Ethnobotanical observations in the Mornaula Reserve Forest of Kumoun, West Himalaya, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2010;14:193-217.
Tewari LM, Pangtey YPS, Tewari G. Biodiversity Potentials of the Himalaya. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 2010;574.
Garkoti A, Tewari LM, Kumar S. Shrubs of D.S.B. Campus, Nainital. Oaks. 2010;35-39.
Kumari. Biodiversity assessment with particular reference to threatened ethno-medicinal plants of Almora district. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital. 2011.
Ballabha R, Tiwari JK, Tiwari. Floristic diversity in the vicinity of Srinagar hydroelectric power project in Alaknanda valley of Garhwal Himalaya, India:Needs for conservation. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2014;5(3):553-579.
Singh G, ChandraN, Pal P, Tewari LM, Bisht MPS. Observation on the phytodiversity of Sunderdunga Valley, Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya. Indian Forester. 2019;145(12):1166-1175.
Uniyal BB, Sharma JR, Choudhary U, Singh DK. Flowering Plants of Uttarkhand (A Checklist). Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. 2007;404.
Ved DK, Goraya GS. Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun & FRLHT, Bangalore, India; 2008.
Das T, Das AK. Inventorying plant biodiversity in homegardens:A case study in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. Current Science. 2005;89(1):155-163.
Kala CP. Status of an indigenous agro-forestry system in changing climate:A case study of the middle Himalayan region of Tehri Garhwal. Indian Journal of Forest Science. 2010;56(8):373-380.
Rawat YS, Vishvakarma SCR. 2010. Diversity, distribution and utilization of fodder species in subtemperate, temperate and cold desert region of the Himachal Pradesh, north-western, Himalaya. Journal of American Science. 2010;6(6):72-81.
Rawat YS, Vishvakarma SCR, Oinam SS, Kuniyal JC. Diversity, distribution and vegetation assessment in the Jahlmanal watershed in cold desert of the Lahaul valley, north-western Himalaya, India. I-Forest. 2010;3:65-71.
Bista S, Shivakoti GP. Honeybee Flora at Kabre, Dolakha District. Nepal Agricultural Research Journal. 2000/2001;4 & 5:18-25.
Kaur G, Sihag RC. Bee flora of India:A review. Indian Bee Journal. 1994;56:105-126.
Joshi SC, Joshi DR, Dani DD. Kumaun Himalayas:A geographic perspective on resource development. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital. 1983;324. P.
Anonymus. National Strategy of Biodiversity Conservation and Action Plan (NBSAP) (Uttaranchal-India), 2002;481.
Adhikari BS, Babu MM, Saklani PL, Rawat GS. Medicinal Trees of Uttaranchal State:Distribution, Use Pattern and Prospects for Conservation. Indian Forester. 2003;129(2):243- 267.
Adhikari BS, Babu MM, Saklani PL, Rawat GS. Distribution, Use Pattern and potential for Conservation of Medicinal Climbers in Uttaranchal State. Indian Forester.2005;131(7):901-916.
Adhikari BS, Babu MM, Saklani PL, Rawat GS. Distribution, Use Pattern and Prospects for Conservation of Medicinal Shrubs in Uttaranchal State, India. Journal of Mountain Science. 2007;4(2):155-180.
Duthie JF. Catalogue of the Plants of Kumaun and of the adjacent portions of Garhwal and Tibet based on the collections made by Strachey and Winterbottom during the years 1946-1949. London. 1906.
Osmaston AE. A forest flora for Kumaun. Bishen Singh Mahindra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India. 1927;605.
Gupta RK. Flora Nainitalensis:A Handbook of the flowering plants of Nainital. Navayug Traders, New Delhi. 1968;489.
Kalakoti BS. Flora of Nainital Hills. Thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 1983.
Naithani BD. Flora of Chamoli. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. 1984-85;I–II.
Pant PC. The Flora of Corbett National Park. Botanical Survey of India, Howarh; 1986.
Joshi GC. Studies on the Thistle and Legume families of Kumaun. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand; 1987.
Gaur RD. Flora of District Garhwal North-West Himalaya (with Ethnobotanical Notes). Trans Media House, Shri Nagar (Garhwal), India. 1999;811.
Arya D, Khan AH. Ethnomedicinal plants and their contribution to cure various ailments as household remedies in Garhwal Himalaya, India. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2015;6(4):1590-1595.
Pandey NC, Joshi GC, Tewari LM. Ethnobotanical plant diversity of Betalghat region, Kumaun Himalaya. Biolife. 2016;4 (4):629-649.
Pandey NC, Joshi GC, Tewari LM, Pangtey YPS. Diversity of Fodder Plants of Betalghat Block, Nainital, Western Himalaya. International Journal of Environment. 2017;6(4):1-27.
Arya JC, Joshi GC, Tewari LM. Medicinal Flora of Tarai Region of Uttarakhand. Shree Publishers & Distributors New Delhi, India. 2018;344.
Joshi GC, Tewari LM, Pandey NC, Upreti BM. Flora of Ranikhet, West Himalaya. Indu Book Services (Publishers & Distributors) New Delhi, India. 2018;375.
Mehta P, Sekar KC, Negi VS, Kuniyal JC. Shrub Diversity of the Western Himalaya, India. G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, Uttarakhand, India. 2019;88.
Bhatt D, Joshi GC, Tewari LM, Pandey NC. Traditional Medicinal Systems and Threatened Medicinal Plants of Kumaun, Western Himalaya, India. Indu Book Services (Publishers & Distributors) New Delhi, India. 2020;126.
Joshi GC, Pangtey YPS, Pandey NC, Singh G, Tewari LM. Legume and Thistle Flora of Kumaun, Western Himalaya, India, Indu Book Services (Publishers & Distributors) New Delhi. 2021;268.
CAMP. Conservation Assessment and Management Prioritization of Selected Medicinal Plants of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh & Uttaranchal. In:Ved DK, Kinhal GA, Ravikumar, K, Prabhakaran V, Ghate U, Vijayashankar R, Indresha JH. (Eds.) FRLHT (Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions), Bangalore, Karnataka, India; 2003.
APG. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants:APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016;181(1):1-20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385. Accessed on 5 April 2018.
TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Available:http://www.tropicos.org. Accessed on 18 March 2018.
Samant, S.S. and Joshi, H.C. 2003. Floristic diversity, community patterns and changes of vegetation in Nanda Devi National Parks. Himalayan Biosphere Reserves, 5(1&2): 39-54.
Thakur NS. Diversity and importance of shrubs in traditional agroforestry systems in India. 2017.
Tufekcioglu A, Raich JW, Isenhart TM, Schultz RC. Root biomass, soil respiration and root distribution in crop fields and riparian buffer zone. Agroforestry systems. 1999;44:163-174.
Schultz RC, Isenhat TM, Simpkin WW, Colletti JP. Reparian forest buffers in agroecosystems-lesson learned from the Bear Creek Watershed, central Iowa, USA. Agroforestry Systems. 2004;61:35-50.
Chaplin FS. The mineral nutrition of wild plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 1981;11:233-260.
Maithani GP, Bahuguna VK, Negi JDS. Survey of shrubs for hastening process of reclamation of ecologically vulnerable areas of central Himalayas. Indian Forester. 1988;114(5):243-250.
Bargali K. Actinorhizal plants of Kumaun Himalaya and their ecological significance. African Journal of Plant Science. 2011; 5(7):401-406.
Negi JDS, Singh O. Shrubs and their role in environmental conservation of degraded slopes of Himalaya. Indian Forester. 1991;117(6):447-453.
Thakur NS, Gupta NK, Gupta B. Biomass, carbon stocks and CO2 removal under different agroforestry systems in Western Himalaya. Indian Journal of Ecology. 2011b;38(1):14-17.
Ram SC, Ramakrishnan PS. Hydrology and Soil fertility of degraded grasslands at Cherrapunji in North East India. Environmental Conservation. 1988;15(1):29-35.
Pathak.S. Agroforestry and development. In:B. Gopal (Ed.) Ecology and Sustainable Development. National Institute of Ecology, New Delhi, India. 1991;pp. 27-43.
Maikhuri RK, Semwal RL. Agroforestry for rehabilitation of degraded community land:a case study in the Garhwal Himalaya, India. International Tree Crop Journal. 1997;l:89-99.
Singh M, Kanstra LD. Utilization of whole aspen tree material as a roughage component in growing cattle diets. Journal of Animal Science. 1981;53:551-556.
Subba DB, Tamang PM, Tamang BB. Seasonal variation in the proximate principles of some common tree fodders in the Eastern Hills of Nepal. Veterinary Review. 1994;9(2) &10(1):23-26.
Khanal RC, Subba DB. Nutritional evaluation of leaves from some major fodder trees cultivated in the hills of Nepal. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2001;92:17-32.
Vishvakarma SCR, Kuniyal JC, Singh GS. Indigenous agroforestry system of North Western Himalaya. Research for Mountain Development. Some Initiatives and Accomplishments, GyanodayaPrakashan, Nainital. 1998;99-118.
Roder W, Rinzin GT. Ficus auriculata:Its relative importance in Bhutan, farmerís preference and fodder quality. Agroforestry Systems. 2003;57:11-17.
Singh AP, Parabia M. Status medicinal plants consumption by the pharmaceutical industries in Gujarat State. Indian Forester. 2003;129(2):199-212.
Sarin YK. 2003. Medicinal plant raw materials for Indian drug pharmaceutical industry I. An appraisal of resources. Indian Forester. 2003;129(1):3-23.
Badola HK, Pal M. Threatened medicinal plants and their conservation in Himachal Himalayas. Indian Forester. 2003;129(1): 55-68.
Jawaid S, Kumar S, Khan M, Arya M, Anand VK. Diversity, distribution and utilization pattern of economically important woody plants associated with agro-forestry in District Rajouri, J & K (Northwest Himalaya). Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009;13:801-809.
Samant SS. Diversity, distribution and conservation of fodder resource of west Himalaya, India. In:B. Misri (ed.) Proceedings of the Third Temperate Pasture and Fodder Network (TAPAFON), Pokhra, Nepal , sponsored by F.A.O. Rome. 1998;109-128.
Thakur NS, Verma KS, Gupta NK. Structural difference vis-‡-vis economic utility of shrubs and forage in different agroforestry systems in sub-tropical Himalayan region. Indian Journal of Tree Sciences. 2007;26(2):35-48.
Thakur NS, Gupta NK, Gupta B. Variation in community structure and biomass production of shrub and herb layer in agroforestry systems in Himachal Pradesh A case study. Indian journal of Agroforestry. 20011a;3(1):13-18.
Samant SS, Dhar U. Diversity, endemism and economic potential of wild edible plants of Indian Himalaya. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 1997;4:179-191.
Samant SS, Palni LMS. Diversity, Distribution and Indigenous uses of essential oil yielding plants of Indian Himalayan Region. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences. 2000;4:671-684.
Samant SS, Dhar U, Palni LMS. Medicinal plants of Indian Himalaya:diversity distribution potential values. GyanodayaPrakashan, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 1998. 163.
Samant SS, Pant S. Diversity distribution pattern and Traditional knowledge of scared plants of Indian Himalayan Region. Indian Journal of Forestry. 2003;26 (3):201-213.
Srivastava SK, Singh DK. Glimpses of the Plan wealth of Uttaranchal. Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Deharadun, Uttarakhand. 2005; 158.
Pant S, Samant SS. Ethnobotanical observations in the Mornaula Reserve Forest of Kumoun, West Himalaya, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2010;14:193-217.
Tewari LM, Pangtey YPS, Tewari G. Biodiversity Potentials of the Himalaya. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 2010;574.
Garkoti A, Tewari LM, Kumar S. Shrubs of D.S.B. Campus, Nainital. Oaks. 2010;35-39.
Kumari. Biodiversity assessment with particular reference to threatened ethno-medicinal plants of Almora district. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Kumaun University, Nainital. 2011.
Ballabha R, Tiwari JK, Tiwari. Floristic diversity in the vicinity of Srinagar hydroelectric power project in Alaknanda valley of Garhwal Himalaya, India:Needs for conservation. International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2014;5(3):553-579.
Singh G, ChandraN, Pal P, Tewari LM, Bisht MPS. Observation on the phytodiversity of Sunderdunga Valley, Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya. Indian Forester. 2019;145(12):1166-1175.
Uniyal BB, Sharma JR, Choudhary U, Singh DK. Flowering Plants of Uttarkhand (A Checklist). Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. 2007;404.
Ved DK, Goraya GS. Demand and supply of medicinal plants in India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun & FRLHT, Bangalore, India; 2008.
Das T, Das AK. Inventorying plant biodiversity in homegardens:A case study in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. Current Science. 2005;89(1):155-163.
Kala CP. Status of an indigenous agro-forestry system in changing climate:A case study of the middle Himalayan region of Tehri Garhwal. Indian Journal of Forest Science. 2010;56(8):373-380.
Rawat YS, Vishvakarma SCR. 2010. Diversity, distribution and utilization of fodder species in subtemperate, temperate and cold desert region of the Himachal Pradesh, north-western, Himalaya. Journal of American Science. 2010;6(6):72-81.
Rawat YS, Vishvakarma SCR, Oinam SS, Kuniyal JC. Diversity, distribution and vegetation assessment in the Jahlmanal watershed in cold desert of the Lahaul valley, north-western Himalaya, India. I-Forest. 2010;3:65-71.
Bista S, Shivakoti GP. Honeybee Flora at Kabre, Dolakha District. Nepal Agricultural Research Journal. 2000/2001;4 & 5:18-25.
Kaur G, Sihag RC. Bee flora of India:A review. Indian Bee Journal. 1994;56:105-126.
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