Journal of Applied Chemical Science International

Green Valorization of Lignin Nano Particles for Biomedicals, Biosensing and Skin Care Applications: A Review

Tue, 09 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Lignin, an abundant aromatic biopolymer derived from lignocellulosic biomass, has emerged as a promising sustainable biomaterial for advanced functional applications due to its intrinsic physicochemical and biological properties. In recent years, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained considerable attention due to their high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, multiple functionalities, biocompatibility, antioxidant capacity, and ultraviolet (UV) absorption characteristics. However, conventional approaches for lignin modification often rely on energy-intensive processes and utilization of hazardous chemical reagents, limiting their environmental compatibility and suitability for biomedical applications. Therefore, the development of green and sustainable processes for lignin extraction, nanoparticle synthesis, and surface modification has become increasingly important. This review critically examines Recent developments in environmentally sustainable methods of synthesizing and modifying lignin nanoparticles using green chemistry principles. The applications of green-modified LNPs in biomedical systems, biosensing technologies, and skin care formulations are discussed in detail. In biomedical, LNPs have demonstrated a significant potential as carriers for controlled drug delivery, antimicrobial systems, and tissue engineering, this is due to their low cytotoxicity and controlled release behaviour. In biosensor development, green-modified LNPs contribute to enhanced sensitivity and selectivity by facilitating biomolecule immobilization and improving electron transfer processes. Also, their antioxidant and UV-protective properties make them suitable candidates for incorporation into cosmetic and personal care products. Generally, this review work highlights the role of green synthesis and modification strategies in advancing lignin nanoparticle technology and provides insights into their growing relevance in sustainable biomedical, sensing, and skincare applications.

Production and Characterization of Zn-Cu-Mg-Mn-Ti High Entropy Alloy for Temporary Implant Applications

Ugur Alev, Ilven Mutlu — Sat, 23 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, Zn₄₇Cu₆Mg₂₁Mn₁₉Ti₇ high entropy alloy was manufactured for temporary hard tissue implant applications. Zn alloys, which have hexagonal close packed (hcp) lattice structure, are very brittle for the biomedical implant applications. Formation of ductile body centered cubic structured solid solution could enhance the ductility of the Zn. Chemical composition of the Zn-Cu-Mg-Mn-Ti system was optimized by thermodynamic and kinetic calculations in order to obtain high entropy, solid solution, and ductile body centered cubic structure. Zn₄₇Cu₆Mg₂₁Mn₁₉Ti₇is the optimum chemical composition of the Zn-Cu-Mg-Mn-Ti high entropy alloy system according to thermodynamic and kinetic calculations. High pressure-powder injection moulding route could reduce the segregation. Zn₄₇Cu₆Mg₂₁Mn₁₉Ti₇ alloy powder was prepared by high energy mechanical alloying (ball milling) by using pure elemental metal powders. Zn₄₇Cu₆Mg₂₁Mn₁₉Ti₇ alloy specmens were manufacture by using high pressure power injecton moulding. Polymeric-binder consisted 75% polyethylene, and 25% wax. Feedstock consisted of 45% polymeric-binder and 55% alloy powder. High pressure injection moulding was carried out at 174 ºC. After the injection process, the polmerc binder was removed by heating at 235 ºC. Sintering process was carre out at 315 ºC.

Assessing the Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Dynamics of Trace Metals in the Sediments of Fresco Coastal Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire

Yè Nicaise Ouattara, Aké Pierre Ake, Adama Diarrassouba Tuo, Albert Trokourey — Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Trace metals trapped in sediments can, under certain environmental conditions, be released into the water column, potentially leading to aquatic pollution and posing an environmental risk. This study, conducted from May 2019 to June 2020, aimed to assess the impact of environmental conditions on some trace metals bound to the surface sediments of the Fresco lagoon. To this end, the physicochemical parameters of the sediments were determined using a multiparameter analyzer, and the metal concentrations were measured using an ICP-OES spectrometer. Particle size distribution was determined by sieving. Over the study period, the results obtained revealed that the sediments in Zone I have a texture consisting mainly of very coarse sands (92.04 ± 49.69%), while in Zone II, coarse sands are abundant (83.35 ± 6.91%). The analysis of physicochemical parameters showed that the sediments in Zone I are acidic (pH < 6) with a conductivity (19.32 ± 2.66 mS/cm), salinity (38.26 ± 5.85), redox potential (94.72 ± 54.07 mV), water content (179.02 ± 24.82%), and organic matter content (25.05 ± 2.15%) that are higher than those recorded in Zone II. In general, in the sediments of both zones, especially in Zone I, iron (68340±4640.37 mg/kg), manganese (200.20±53.57 mg/kg), and zinc (235.80±8.84 mg/kg) are predominant during the rainy season. This could indicate sediment pollution from domestic wastewater and the input of organic matter from coastal rivers. A sediment quality assessment could help determine the level of contamination in this lagoon ecosystem.

A Novel Timomam Model for the Assessment of Water Quality of Four Rivers in Lafia-Nigeria, Using Selected Physicochemical Parameters

T. M. Akpomie, G. O. Ikuyun, A. I. Ambo, J. O. Akpomie, S. E. Anwani — Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Water samples were collected from Gandu, Tundu-Amba, Ombi-Anzaku and Shabu communities in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, north-central Nigeria, to assess water quality and develop a model based on selected physico-chemical parameters. Samples from four rivers were obtained during the dry and wet seasons and analysed for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity (EC) using standard procedures. The mean pH values ranged from 6.4 to 7.2 in the dry season and from 5.9 to 7.6 in the wet season, while the mean temperatures were 27.10 °C and 26.3 °C, respectively. The corresponding dry- and wet-season mean values were 4.3 and 4.35 mg/L for DO, 2.6 and 2.0 mg/L for BOD, 2.8 and 2.7 mg/L for COD, and 100 and 86 µS/cm for EC. The measured values were below or within the maximum permissible limits for domestic water recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. Using Minitab 18, a multivariate water quality index model, designated the TIMOMAM model, was developed from the measured parameters. The model was statistically significant (P0.10), and 98.08% of the variation in the water quality index was explained by pH, temperature, DO and BOD; COD and EC were not retained in the model. The model was applied to Shabu River and compared with the weighted arithmetic and Oregon water quality models. The respective WQI values were 19.32, 19.43 and 4.95, indicating excellent water quality status on the 0-25 scale.