3D Printing Technologies for Cosmetic Delivery Systems: A Review of Skin Patches and Microneedles
Parul Vaishnav *
Department of Pharmaceutics, Jaipur College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The skin acts as a protective barrier that significantly limits the penetration of active ingredients from topical formulations, resulting in low bioavailability. Conventional cosmetic delivery systems often fail to efficiently deliver actives across the stratum corneum, highlighting the need for advanced approaches. In recent years, 3D printing (additive manufacturing) has emerged as a promising strategy for developing personalized and efficient skin delivery platforms.
This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D printing technologies, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), and inkjet printing, for the fabrication of cosmetic delivery systems such as skin patches and microneedles. Evidence from recent studies indicates that these technologies enable precise control over formulation design, customizable drug loading, and improved penetration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic actives. Microneedle-based systems, in particular, enhance delivery by bypassing the stratum corneum, while 3D printed patches provide controlled and sustained release.
Despite these advantages, challenges such as material limitations, scalability, and regulatory considerations persist. Overall, 3D printing offers significant potential to transform cosmetic product development by enabling personalized and effective delivery systems, although further research is required to support its widespread application.
Keywords: Personalized skin care, additive manufacturing, stereolithography, fused deposition model, microneedle, skin patch