PATTERN OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND VALIDATION OF ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS IN A TERTIARY NEONATAL UNIT IN SUDAN
ABDELMONEIM E. M. KHEIR *
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum and Soba University Hospital, P.O.Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan
AAMIR Y. A. YASSIN
Department of Paediatrics, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background and Objective: Ultrasonography has become a standard part of prenatal care. The main objectives of this study were to describe the incidence and pattern of congenital anomalies and to correlate between the antenatal diagnosis and the postnatal findings.
Methods: This was a prospective study, carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit of Soba University Hospital. The study was carried out in 2012. The Chi square test was used to determine the association between the risk factors and development of congenital anomalies and also to determine the significant relation between the antenatal U/S diagnosis and postnatal finding.
Results: The study revealed that the incidence of major congenital anomalies was 2.4% and there was significant correlation between maternal age and the development of digestive system anomalies (P value .037). Nineteen percent of mothers had previous baby with congenital anomaly and there was significant correlation between the presence of previous baby with congenital anomaly and development of central nervous system anomalies (P value .036). Seventy two cases were detected by antenatal U/S (70.6%),the antenatal diagnoses of nervous system anomalies were similar to post natal findings in 88.4% of cases with significant correlation between the second antenatal U/S and post natal finding (P-value=0.0020). Anomalies of the nervous system were the commonest detected among newborns. The mortality among cases in the study was 54%.
Conclusion: The incidence of major congenital anomalies in our population appears to be similar to international figures and major congenital anomalies are a major cause of perinatal mortality.
Keywords: Congenital anomaly, antenatal ultrasound, consanguinity, newborn