Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Composition of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaves
Promise O. Oluka *
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Anita U. Nwankwo
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: This work is aimed at evaluating the proximate and phytochemical composition of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves to provide a scientific basis for its use in traditional medicine.
Methodology: The leaves after collection were washed with distilled water and air dried. Then they were ground into fine powder and used for further analysis. The proximate analysis as well as the phytochemical composition (qualitative and quantitative) of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves were studied using standard procedures.
Results: The proximate analysis showed that the leaves contained fibre (19.05 ± 2.43%), ash (9.4 ± 0.57%), fat (2.49 ± 0.72%), moisture (16.67 ± 1.39%) protein (16.12 ± 1.00%) and carbohydrates (36.27 ± 2.65%). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (4.47 ± 2.08%), alkaloids (3.23 ± 0.06%), saponins (1.00 ± 0.01%), anthocyanins (2.50 ± 0.00%), glycosides (23.35 ± 2.62%) and anthraquinones (4.10 ± 0.18%) while tannins were not detected.
Conclusion: Our findings contribute valuable insights into the plant's pharmacological benefits, gaps in our understanding of its chemical composition and nutritional value. As a result, it demonstrates its great potential for integration into modern healthcare.
Keywords: Phytochemical, proximate and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius