Journal of Biology and Nature

Malaria in pregnancy remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, associated with maternal anemia, low birth weight, and mortality. This study aimed to determine the effect of malaria infection on serum electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate) among pregnant women attending Mubi General Hospital. A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from July to October 2025. A total of 180 pregnant women were enrolled. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy were used for the detection of malaria parasites, and for electrolyte analysis using an automated electrolyte analyzer. Socio-demographic and obstetric data were obtained via a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using appropriate tools. The mean serum levels of sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) were significantly lower in the malaria-infected group compared to controls (Na⁺: 132.1 ± 5.2 vs. 138.5 ± 3.8 mmol/L, p<0.001; K⁺: 3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 3.9 ± 0.4 mmol/L, p<0.001; HCO₃⁻: 18.2 ± 3.1 vs. 22.8 ± 2.4 mmol/L, p<0.001). Chloride (Cl⁻) levels showed no significant difference (101.3 ± 4.5 vs. 102.1 ± 3.9 mmol/L, p=0.211). Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis (low HCO₃⁻) were significantly more prevalent among malaria cases. Parasite density correlated inversely with sodium (r = -0.68, p<0.001) and bicarbonate (r = -0.59, p<0.001) levels. Malaria infection in pregnancy is associated with significant electrolyte imbalances, notably hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. These disturbances may contribute to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Integration of electrolyte screening and correction into the management protocol for malaria in pregnancy is recommended in endemic areas.