Enhancement of Lymphocyte Blastogenesis by Hydromethanolic Leaf Extract of Catharanthus roseus in a Chicken in vitro Model
Pratul Goyal
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
Sunil Kumar Adhikari
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
Gaurav Gupta
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
Salma Osman Mohamedkhair Osman
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
Lata Paliwal
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
Anshu Rahal
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
Sonu Ambwani *
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The present study investigates the in vitro immunostimulatory potential of a 50% hydromethanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus (CRE).
Study Design: Presence of various phytoconstituents through biochemical assays was conducted using various biochemical tests and immunomodulatory potential was explored by assessing lymphocyte blastogenic responses using a chicken lymphocyte culture–based proliferation assay.
Place of Study: The study is conducted in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.
Methodology: After collection of the plant material (leaves) from the authentic source, fifty percent hydro-methanolic extract was prepared that was used for phytochemical and cell culture-based analyses.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the CRE indicated the presence of several bioactive constituents, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. A concentration of 0.6 mg/mL was identified as the highest level that maintained full cell viability and was therefore designated as the maximum non-cytotoxic dose (MNCD) for further immunomodulatory studies. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, CRE markedly stimulated lymphocyte activation, as evidenced by enhanced blastogenic responses. Both B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte proliferation showed a significant increase relative to mitogen-stimulated control cultures.
Conclusion: The detection of multiple phytochemical classes in CRE suggests a bioactive profile that may contribute to its in vitro immunostimulatory potential. Accordingly, the present findings furnish preliminary experimental evidence for the potential immunostimulatory role of CRE in in vitro avian model.
Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, immunomodulatory effect, chicken lymphocytes, lymphocytes proliferation assay