Journal of Biology and Nature

Background: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, with considerable variation in transmission intensity even within small geographical areas. This study investigated the prevalence and transmission patterns of Plasmodium falciparum malaria across ten rural communities in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 400 participants randomly selected from ten rural communities. Capillary blood samples were collected via finger-prick and tested for P. falciparum using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Demographic data including age, sex, and community of residence were recorded. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests with SPSS version 21.

Results: Overall malaria prevalence was 63.1% (252/400). Prevalence varied significantly across communities, ranging from 57.5% to 72.5%. Children aged 2-10 years recorded the highest infection rate (77.6%), while adults aged 21-30 years showed the lowest (40.9%). Females exhibited slightly higher prevalence (63.6%) than males (62.0%), though this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Communities closer to swampy areas demonstrated significantly (p = 0.843) higher transmission intensities. Qualitative observations revealed that communities with higher prevalence are characterised by; proximity to seasonal streams and swampy areas and Lower ITN utilization rates.

Conclusion: P. falciparum malaria remains hyperendemic in rural Mubi communities, with children bearing the highest burden. Micro-ecological variations significantly influence transmission patterns. Targeted interventions including insecticide-treated net distribution and community health education are urgently needed.