Journal of Biology and Nature

The present study assessed the seasonal physicochemical characteristics and avian fauna of Lakhabaval Lake, Jamnagar, Gujarat, from February to December 2025. Monthly observations were conducted to evaluate selected water quality parameters and document bird species associated with the lake ecosystem. The physicochemical parameters showed clear seasonal variation. Water temperature increased during summer, reaching 38°C in June, while electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids also increased during the dry period, indicating the evaporative concentration of dissolved salts. Nutrient enrichment was evident from elevated nitrate, phosphate, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand values, particularly during the summer months. Dissolved oxygen fluctuated seasonally, with lower values during periods of higher organic loading and subsequent improvement during the post-monsoon period. The avian survey recorded 46 bird species belonging to 25 families. The assemblage included resident, migratory, and resident-migratory species, representing diverse feeding guilds such as piscivores, omnivores, granivores, frugivores, and aquatic invertebrate feeders. Common wetland-associated birds included herons, egrets, kingfishers, ducks, coots, cormorants, gulls, pelicans, and waders. The occurrence of migratory waterbirds during the post-monsoon and winter months indicates the seasonal importance of the lake as a foraging and resting habitat. The findings suggest that Lakhabaval Lake supports notable avian diversity, but seasonal nutrient enrichment and organic loading may influence habitat quality. Regular monitoring of water quality, control of domestic and agricultural inputs, and protection of wetland vegetation are recommended to maintain the ecological value of the lake.