Journal of Biology and Nature

Lac, a resinous secretion produced by the lac insect Kerria lacca (Kerr), plays an integral role in various ecological processes, including plant defence mechanisms and lignin degradation. However, when this insect infects host plants, it can lead to significant morphological, anatomical as well as ecological disruptions. This study explores the dynamics of lac infection within the A J C Bose Indian Botanic Garden (AJCBIBG), which serves as a critical hub for ex-situ conservation and a repository of highly significant plant germplasm, many of which are limited distribution across the country. The garden’s diverse plant communities, including endemic, threatened, and medicinal species, are vital for biodiversity conservation. The research focuses on the intricate interaction between lac insects and their host plants, the ecological consequences of lac infection, and the development of sustainable, non-chemical strategies for managing lac infestation. It can be observed that the Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. is most prone to lack infection and many other majors plant species are very prone. The study aims to establish effective protocols for pruning infected plants and preventing the spread of lac infection, specifically through regular mechanical intervention. The research highlights the negative ecological consequences of lac infection, which not only affect the health of host plants but also disrupt plant communities under the canopy, diminishing overall biodiversity in the garden. The alternative use of bio or natural insecticides, while generally safer than synthetic ones, can still pose risks to non-target insects, including beneficial ones, like pollinators and helpful soil microbes etc. By identifying optimal pruning periods and focusing on specific plant species most susceptible to infection, this study seeks to mitigate the ecological impacts while enhancing plant recovery and sustaining lac production. This research provides valuable insights into the balance between ecological conservation, the preservation of rare plant species, and the economic potential of lac, offering a pathway for sustainable management in botanical conservatories, urban plantations, and forest ecosystems.