Journal of Basic and Applied Research International

Beyond the H&E Slide: Uncovering Hidden Histopathological Signatures with Spatial Omics and Artificial Intelligence

Riya Singh — 2026-09-16

Haematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) histology remains the visual backbone of tissue diagnosis, yet routine morphology is only a partial projection of the molecular and cellular states that generate it. Spatial transcriptomics, multiplexed spatial proteomics and related spatial molecular technologies now provide a means to test which latent biological programmes are genuinely coupled to microscopic architecture, while artificial intelligence (AI) can learn those cross-modal relationships at scales inaccessible to unaided visual assessment. This critical narrative review examines how spatial omics and AI are changing the interpretation of H&E sections from descriptive morphology towards spatially grounded molecular phenotyping. Literature published from 1 January 2015 to 3 July 2026 was appraised, with earlier or adjacent evidence considered only when necessary to establish methodological context. The strongest evidence shows that histology contains reproducible signals of cellular composition, proliferation, immune organisation, stromal state and selected molecular programmes, and that paired spatial omics can localise and validate those associations. However, predictive success is uneven across genes, tissues and acquisition settings. Spatial autocorrelation, mixed-cell capture spots, section-registration error, library-size effects, stain and scanner variation, gene-selection bias and patient-level data leakage can create apparently convincing spatial predictions without establishing cell-intrinsic molecular inference. Recent foundation models improve representation quality and data efficiency, but their scale does not remove the need for molecular ground truth, external validation or uncertainty calibration. The most defensible near-term role for virtual spatial omics is therefore not replacement of definitive assays, but triage, cohort enrichment, hypothesis generation and targeted confirmation. Progress towards clinical deployment will require patient-level and institution-level validation, explicit morphology-to-molecule identifiability limits, spatially appropriate metrics, prospective workflow studies and models trained against high-resolution multimodal reference data. Spatial omics is most valuable not because it makes H&E obsolete, but because it provides the reference layer needed to determine what H&E truly contains and what AI merely appears to infer.

Nanotechnology-mediated Drug Delivery through Tunnelling Nanotubes: A Critical Appraisal of Transport Mechanisms, Evidential Strength and Translational Constraints

Neha Jain — 2026-09-29

Tunnelling nanotubes are thin, actin-supported membranous bridges that connect the cytoplasm of distant cells and carry vesicles, organelles, proteins and nucleic acids between them. Over the past two decades these structures have moved from a cell-biological curiosity to a candidate transport route for engineered nanocarriers, offering a conceptually distinct solution to the long-standing problem of poor penetration of therapeutics into dense, poorly vascularised tissue. This review examines critically whether the accumulated evidence supports the proposition that nanotube networks can be used deliberately and reliably as a drug-delivery pathway. Literature was identified through structured searching of biomedical and multidisciplinary scholarly sources, supplemented by backward and forward citation tracking, and appraised for methodological adequacy, attribution rigour and translational relevance rather than summarised study by study. Four findings dominate the synthesis. Transfer of diverse nanomaterials between cells along nanotube-like connections has been reported consistently across inorganic, carbon-based, lipid and polymeric carriers and across many cell types, yet the majority of observations rest on two-dimensional culture, short observation windows and morphological criteria that do not by themselves establish cytoplasmic continuity. Particle geometry, deformability and surface chemistry appear to govern transfer efficiency more strongly than particle size alone, although systematic comparative studies remain few. The same conduits that could distribute therapeutics also distribute resistance determinants, including functional mitochondria, efflux transporters and drug molecules themselves, which generates an unresolved contradiction between strategies seeking to suppress nanotube formation and strategies seeking to exploit it. Demonstration of nanotube-dependent delivery in living organisms remains sparse, and no quantitative framework exists for describing dose delivered through this route. The field currently supports mechanistic plausibility and proof of concept, but not claims of demonstrated therapeutic advantage. Priorities include standardised attribution criteria, quantitative in vivo imaging, context-specific rather than global modulation of nanotube formation, and explicit evaluation of the risk that engineered nanocarriers themselves induce the conduits they exploit.

Histopathological and Morphometric Evidence of Cadmium-induced Testicular Damage in Syrian Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

Ravikash Maurya — 2026-08-13

Cadmium (Cd) is a persistent environmental pollutant known to impair male reproductive function following bioaccumulation. This study evaluated the histopathological and morphometric effects of acute cadmium exposure on the testes of adult Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Animals (n = 5 per group, with each group assessed in triplicate) received intraperitoneal cadmium chloride at 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg body weight for 10 consecutive days; control animals received saline. Histological examination revealed dose-dependent seminiferous tubule degeneration, pyknotic nuclei, germ-cell exfoliation, luminal cellular debris, widening of the interstitial spaces, epithelial thinning, and reduced luminal spermatozoal density, with the most severe changes observed at 2.0 mg/kg. Morphometric analysis using ImageJ corroborated these findings: seminiferous tubule area decreased from 579,418.6 ± 35,325.6 µm² in the control group to 389,477.6 ± 53,283.5 and 294,111.8 ± 52,149.5 µm² in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively (P < 0.05); tubule diameter decreased from 889.2 ± 62.8 to 615.2 ± 68.0 µm, and epithelial height decreased from 292.2 ± 49.6 to 140.0 ± 25.5 µm, with significant reductions only at the high dose; the spermatogonia count decreased from 381.4 ± 21.1 to 249.4 ± 31.6, 226.8 ± 22.3, and 140.2 ± 25.3 across the treated groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate progressive, dose-related disruption of testicular architecture and spermatogenesis and support the suitability of the Syrian golden hamster as a model for heavy-metal-induced reproductive toxicity.

Effects of Feeding System (Pelleted Diet vs. Forage-based diet) on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus)

K. J. B. Alla — 2026-08-18

Aims: To evaluate the effects of a pelleted diet, compared with a forage-based diet supplemented with concentrate, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and technological properties of meat in captive grasscutters.

Study Design: Completely randomised controlled feeding trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Animal Science and Animal Production, Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY National Polytechnic Institute, Yamoussoukro, between September 2018 and January 2019.

Methodology: Eighteen weaned male grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus; 45 ± 7 days old; 528 ± 190g) were randomly assigned to a pelleted diet (growing: 19% ADF; finishing: 17% ADF) or a forage-based diet supplemented with concentrate (n = 9 per treatment). Animals were reared individually until six months of age. Growth performance, carcass traits, and technological properties of meat were assessed after slaughter.

Results: Grasscutters fed the pelleted diet had a significantly higher final body weight (2,693g), exceeding that of the forage-fed group by 968g, and a greater average daily gain during the finishing phase (17g/day; P = .01). The pelleted diet significantly increased hot (2,172g), chilled (2,155g), and commercial carcass weights (2,109g) (P ≤ .002), as well as the weights of the forequarter (506g), loin (444g), and hindquarter (833g) (P < .001). Dressing percentage (80.7%), net carcass yield (92.3%), commercial carcass yield (78.4%), meat proportion (92.0%; P = .04), and muscle-to-bone ratio (11.7; P = .02) were also higher, whereas cooking loss was lower (15.4%; P = .03).

Conclusion: A complete pelleted diet improved growth performance, carcass traits, and technological properties of meat in growing grasscutters. This feeding strategy could shorten the fattening period and improve the productivity of grasscutter farming systems.

GC-MS Profile, Antimicrobial Properties and Spectra Characterization of the Ethanol Extract of Theobroma cacao Beans Grown in Nigeria

E. G. Adeyeni — 2026-09-29

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) contains several classes of bioactive compounds that may contribute to biological activity. This study characterised an ethanol extract of cocoa bean powder sourced from Nigeria and evaluated its antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Qualitative phytochemical screening was used to assess secondary metabolites, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were applied for chemical characterisation. Alkaloids, tannins, and phenols were detected, whereas saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins were not detected. FT-IR analysis showed prominent absorption bands at 3398.67, 2920.32, 2850.88, 1689.70, and 1288.49 cm⁻¹, corresponding to functional groups associated with O-H, C-H, carbonyl, and C-O vibrations. GC-MS analysis indicated multiple chemical constituents in the ethanol extract. In the antimicrobial assay, the extract produced inhibition zones of 10.50 ± 0.5 mm and 8.00 ± 1.0 mm against K. pneumoniae at 100 and 50 mg/mL, respectively, while no inhibition was observed against E. coli at the tested concentrations. Ceftriaxone showed greater activity than the extract. Overall, the findings indicate that Nigerian cocoa bean ethanol extract contains several phytochemical constituents and exhibits measurable antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae under the conditions of this study. The study therefore provides a combined chemical and biological profile of the locally sourced cocoa material.

In vitro Antagonistic Efficacy of Trichoderma viride Culture Filtrates Against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., the Causal Agent of Groundnut Stem Rot

K. Balamurugan — 2026-08-25

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop, but its productivity is affected by stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Biological control using antagonistic fungi offers a potential approach for reducing dependence on chemical disease management. The present study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activity of cell-free culture filtrates from ten native isolates of Trichoderma viride against S. rolfsii. The pathogen was isolated from infected groundnut stem tissues and identified based on colony morphology and sclerotial characteristics. T. viride isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil samples and maintained as Tv₁ to Tv₁₀. Culture filtrates were prepared from 10-day-old potato dextrose broth cultures and incorporated into potato dextrose agar at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% concentrations using the poisoned food technique. All isolates reduced radial mycelial growth of S. rolfsii compared with the control and inhibition generally increased with filtrate concentration. Among the isolates tested, Tv₄ showed the greatest inhibitory effect, restricting pathogen growth to 27.79 mm, 19.56 mm, 12.26 mm and 0.00 mm at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% concentrations, respectively. Complete inhibition was observed with Tv₄ at a 40% concentration. Tv₆, Tv₇ and Tv₈ also showed high inhibition at the highest concentration. These results indicate that T. viride culture filtrates can suppress S. rolfsii growth under in vitro conditions.

Parenting Stress and Psychological Health among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospitals of Sasaram, Bihar: A Descriptive-correlational Study

K. Latha — 2026-09-04

Staff nurses who are parents must balance demanding clinical responsibilities with childcare and family roles, which may contribute to parenting stress and psychological distress. This study assessed parenting stress and psychological health and examined the relationship between them among staff nurses working in selected hospitals of Sasaram, Bihar. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used, involving 100 married staff nurses with at least one child who were selected through non-probability sampling. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma, the 18-item Parental Stress Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and chi-square tests. Moderate parenting stress was reported by 64% of participants, while 18% had low and 18% had high parenting stress; the mean score was 56.82 ± 11.34. Mild psychological distress was observed in 47%, moderate distress in 25%, severe distress in 7%, and good psychological health in 21%; the mean GHQ-28 score was 12.76 ± 4.95. Parenting stress was positively correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). Age, number of children, family type, and duty pattern were significantly associated with both outcomes. The findings indicate a need for counselling, stress-management support, family-friendly scheduling, and workplace measures that promote psychological wellbeing among parent nurses.

Phytochemical Profiling and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Blighia sapida Leaves

A. J. Adepoju — 2026-09-08

Blighia sapida is a medicinal plant with reported therapeutic properties in several plant parts. The present study evaluated the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, α-amylase inhibitory potential and antifungal properties of leaf extracts obtained with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Ethanol produced the highest extract yield (2.17%), followed by ethyl acetate (2.07%) and n-hexane (1.69%). Preliminary screening detected saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins and phenols in the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, while terpenoids and anthraquinones were absent. Quantitative analysis showed that the ethyl acetate extract contained higher phenols (37.70±0.03 GAE/mg/g), flavonoids (12.96±0.02 QE/mg/g), tannins (10.75±0.01 TAE/mg/g), alkaloids (13.92±0.02%) and saponins (9.87±0.02%) than the ethanol extract. Antioxidant assays indicated concentration-dependent radical scavenging and reducing activities in both extracts, with variations between DPPH and FRAP responses. The ethanol extract showed stronger α-amylase inhibitory activity, with percentage inhibition ranging from 54.04±0.78% to 76.40±0.57% and an IC50 of 1.57 mg/mL, compared with 26.09±0.67% to 70.19±1.00% and an IC50 of 2.19 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extract. Both extracts also demonstrated antifungal activity against selected fungal isolates, although no inhibition was observed against Aspergillus fumigatus, and ethanol showed no activity against Murcortic spp. These findings suggest that B. sapida leaves contain phytochemicals that may contribute to antioxidant, α-amylase inhibitory and antifungal activities.

Large Language Models for Zhuang Medicine Translation: Translation Quality Assessment and A Human–AI Collaborative Translation Pathway

Tingting Long — 2026-09-09

Zhuang Medicine, an important component of China’s ethnic medicine system, embodies distinctive medical theories and cultural knowledge whose accurate English translation is essential for international communication and global dissemination. However, existing studies have primarily focused on terminology translation, while systematic empirical evaluations of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Zhuang Medicine text translation remain limited. Using Practical Zhuang Medicine Techniques as the source corpus, this study constructed a test dataset of 240 representative sentences and systematically evaluated the Chinese–English translation performance of five representative LLMs (ChatGPT-5.2, Claude Sonnet 4.5, Gemini 2.5 Pro, DeepSeek-V3.2, and ERNIE 5.0) using the COMET metric, supplemented by statistical tests and qualitative analyses. The results indicate that DeepSeek-V3.2 achieved the highest mean COMET score (0.0249), followed by Claude Sonnet 4.5 (0.0218) and Gemini 2.5 Pro (0.0215). However, the Nemenyi post-hoc test indicated that statistically significant differences were only observed between ERNIE 5.0 and DeepSeek-V3.2, and between ERNIE 5.0 and Claude Sonnet 4.5. Qualitative analysis further demonstrates that translation quality is strongly dependent on text type: all models performed consistently well on texts with standardised terminology and low cultural specificity but encountered common difficulties in translating culturally embedded concepts, non-standardised terminology, and information-dense clinical descriptions. Based on these findings, this study proposes a three-tier Human–AI Collaborative Translation pathway comprising resource construction, model adaptation, and human quality assurance, offering practical insights into intelligent translation and human–AI collaborative workflows in low-resource specialised domains.

Simulation of Dependence-Aware Joint Chance-constrained A-Star-Based Path Planning for Unmanned Ground Vehicles under Obstacle-Position Uncertainty

Vu Dinh Phong — 2026-09-11

Path planning for unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in uncertain environments requires more than geometric shortest-path optimisation, particularly when narrow-passage traversability depends on imperfect obstacle-position estimates. This paper presents a dependence-aware joint chance-constrained A-Star-based planning framework in which successive passage widths are modelled as correlated random variables. The dependence arises naturally when adjacent passages share an uncertain obstacle boundary: a displacement that enlarges one passage may simultaneously reduce the neighbouring passage. The proposed formulation maps obstacle-boundary uncertainty to passage-width covariance through a linear difference model, evaluates route-level feasibility using a multivariate Gaussian joint probability, and selects the shortest candidate route satisfying a prescribed reliability threshold. The framework is evaluated using two-passage validation, sensitivity analysis, a controlled route-selection testbed, a multi-passage extension, a randomised campaign of 5,000 scenarios, Monte Carlo verification, and runtime benchmarks. In the controlled testbed, the independence approximation accepts the shorter route with a predicted feasibility of 0.901279, whereas the dependence-aware model gives 0.898714 and Monte Carlo gives 0.898332, confirming a threshold-sensitive false-safe acceptance at P_min = 0.90. In the randomised campaign, 58 independence-based false-safe planner decisions were identified at P_min = 0.90; in all 58 cases, the dependence-aware estimate was closer to Monte Carlo, reducing mean absolute error by 84.82% and root-mean-square error by 81.47%. A threshold sweep from 0.85 to 0.99 further showed that false-safe independence-based decisions persisted across all tested reliability levels, while becoming less frequent as the acceptance criterion became more restrictive. Dependence-aware rerouting incurred an average path-length penalty of 18.34% in the 21 cases where a feasible alternative was available. For two correlated passages, the additional probability-evaluation cost was small in absolute terms, whereas higher-dimensional multivariate Gaussian evaluation exhibited a clear scalability limitation. These results indicate that explicitly modelling shared uncertainty improves route-level feasibility estimation and reduces threshold-sensitive false-safe selections in probabilistic graph-based UGV planning.

Development and Quality Evaluation of Buffalo Meat Shami Kebab Incorporated with Different Levels of Cooked Mashed Elephant Foot Yam

M. Anna Anandh — 2026-09-18

Buffalo meat shami kebab is a traditional comminuted meat product whose processing quality may be modified by fibre-rich plant ingredients. This study evaluated cooked mashed elephant foot yam (EFY) as a partial meat replacer in buffalo meat shami kebab. A control without EFY and treatments containing 5%, 10%, and 15% EFY were prepared in six independent batches. Physicochemical characteristics, proximate composition, and sensory attributes were evaluated. EFY incorporation increased product yield from 91.85% in the control to 94.35% at 10%, while moisture retention rose from 56.85% to 60.15%. Cooking loss, drip loss, and diameter shrinkage decreased to 7.08%, 2.82%, and 7.35%, respectively, at 10% EFY. Moisture content increased with EFY incorporation, whereas protein and fat contents declined as the replacement level increased. Crude fibre increased from 0.35% in the control to 1.12% at 15% EFY. Sensory evaluation showed that the 10% treatment recorded the highest scores for appearance and colour (8.45), flavour (8.38), juiciness (8.35), tenderness (8.40), binding (8.32), and overall acceptability (8.40). At 15% EFY, several sensory scores declined, including overall acceptability to 7.80. Under the conditions of this study, 10% cooked mashed EFY provided the most favourable balance between processing performance, composition, and sensory acceptability and was identified as the optimum incorporation level.

Signaling Patterns in Highly Enrolled MOOCs: A Comparative Documentary Analysis of University and Industry Providers

Leo Santiago III Arrabaca — 2026-09-21

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) offer prospective learners a wide range of options from university and industry providers, yet important course qualities may remain difficult to evaluate before enrolment. This study aims to comparatively examine the signalling patterns communicated through publicly available information on highly enrolled university- and industry-provided MOOCs. Using a qualitative comparative documentary research design guided by Signalling Theory, the study analyses ten highly enrolled MOOCs offered on Coursera. Four study-specific analytical categories were applied: provider reputation and prestige, instructor expertise, rigour signals, and credential and competence signals. Cases were purposively selected from Class Central’s 100 Most Popular Online Courses (2025 Edition), with five university-provided and five industry-provided MOOCs selected to enable balanced comparison. The findings show that both provider groups communicate overlapping patterns of signalling, with credential and competence signals consistently present across cases. Nevertheless, the groups differ in their communication of credibility and competence: university-provided MOOCs more frequently highlight individual academic or professional expertise and disciplinary competence, while industry-provided MOOCs more often emphasise organisational authority and frame competence through applied technical skills and professional practice. The comparison further suggests that signalling is best understood as a configuration of observable signals, with carriers and framing varying according to provider context, rather than as a single measure of course quality. As the study examines only highly enrolled cases and relies exclusively on publicly available information, the findings describe signalling configurations associated with these MOOCs but do not establish causality regarding enrolment or reflect learner perceptions. This study contributes to MOOC and signalling research by demonstrating how comparative documentary analysis can identify provider-generated signalling patterns and reveal how organisational context shapes the communication of credibility and competence in online learning environments.

Evaluating Risk Management Practices in the Lagos Ibadan Motorway Reconstruction Project

Abiodun Saheed Olaniyan — 2026-09-22

Large-scale infrastructure projects in developing countries remain highly exposed to uncertainty, and inadequate risk management continues to contribute to delays, cost overruns and quality shortfalls. This study evaluates risk management practices on the Lagos–Ibadan Motorway reconstruction project in Nigeria, focusing on two objectives: (i) identifying and categorising the key risks associated with the project, and (ii) assessing the extent and effectiveness of the risk management practices implemented. A quantitative survey design was adopted, and structured questionnaires were administered to construction professionals with direct or indirect involvement in the project; 350 valid responses were analysed. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and the Mean Item Score (MIS) technique, while the reliability and validity of the risk-management constructs were established using Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and average variance extracted (AVE). The findings show that financial risk (MIS = 3.49), logistics risk (MIS = 3.30), environmental risk (MIS = 3.20) and political risk (MIS = 3.16) were perceived as the most critical risk categories, while design and construction risks ranked lowest. Risk response (MIS = 3.24) and risk identification (MIS = 3.20) were rated the most effective risk management practices, whereas risk control (MIS = 3.09) was rated least effective; overall, the practices were judged moderately effective (mean MIS = 3.17). Reliability analysis confirmed that risk identification, response and control/monitoring were measured consistently (alpha and composite reliability above 0.80), but the results suggest that assessment activities are less effectively translated into operational outcomes. The study concludes that risk management on the project is present but unevenly implemented and recommends stronger institutionalisation of risk identification and assessment processes for large-scale infrastructure delivery in Nigeria.

Optimization of the Preparation of NaOH-Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shells Using Response Surface Methodology

Konan Kouamé Gervais — 2026-09-23

Background: Palm kernel shells are lignocellulosic residues with potential as precursors for activated carbon production. However, the adsorption properties of the resulting carbon depend strongly on thermal and chemical preparation conditions. Optimising the combined effects of calcination temperature, calcination time, NaOH concentration, and impregnation time is therefore important for improving iodine adsorption capacity while avoiding unnecessarily severe treatment conditions.

Aims: This study aimed to optimise the preparation of activated carbon from palm kernel shells (Elaeis guineensis) by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) activation and to evaluate the effects of calcination and impregnation conditions on the iodine number.

Study Design: Response surface methodology, using a four-factor Box–Behnken design with 27 experimental runs, was applied.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were conducted at the Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Nangui ABROGOUA University, Côte d’Ivoire.

Methodology: Four preparation variables were investigated: calcination temperature (400–800 °C), calcination time (1–3 h), NaOH concentration (0.50–4.00 mol/L), and impregnation time (10–38 h). The iodine number was used as the response variable. Experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial model and evaluated using analysis of variance.

Results: Iodine numbers ranged from 873.10 to 1891.25 mg/g. The quadratic model was highly significant (F = 64.04; p < 0.0001) with R² = 0.9868. Calcination time, NaOH concentration, and impregnation time showed significant linear effects (p < 0.0001), whereas calcination temperature did not (p = 0.2318). The interactions between calcination time and NaOH concentration and between NaOH concentration and impregnation time were highly significant (p < 0.0001). All quadratic terms were significant. The highest iodine number (1891.25 mg/g) was obtained at 400 °C, 3 h calcination, 2.25 mol/L NaOH, and 24 h impregnation.

Conclusion: Palm kernel shells are a promising precursor for producing activated carbon with a high iodine adsorption capacity. Response surface methodology effectively revealed the combined influence of thermal and chemical preparation conditions.

Non-Invasive Infrared Thermographic Assessment of Regional Surface Temperature in Adult Tripureswari Ducks of Tripura, India

Sukanta Das — 2026-10-03

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a quick, non-contact, non-invasive, and stress-free method for assessing the thermal physiology of livestock and birds. The Tripureswari duck is an indigenous duck genetic resource of Tripura registered by ICAR-NBAGR (INDIA_DUCK_1900_TRIPURESWARI_11004) and is mostly reared under backyard and semi-intensive farming systems for egg and meat production, with an annual average egg production of 70 to 101 eggs and an adult body weight of 1.199 kg at 12 months (ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources. Although adapted and evolved in the hot and humid tropical climate of Tripura, its surface thermal profile has not been documented. Therefore, the present preliminary study was undertaken to assess surface temperatures at different anatomical body regions using an infrared thermal camera in six apparently healthy adult male and six adult female Tripureswari ducks. The study revealed that the uncovered and highly vascularised regions, namely the leg (39.83 ± 0.37 °C and 39.53 ± 0.17 °C), periorbital area (39.20 ± 0.12 °C and 39.00 ± 0.17 °C), and under-wing surface (39.07 ± 0.11 °C and 38.82 ± 0.19 °C), respectively, in adult male and female Tripureswari ducks had the highest recorded temperatures and were identified as primary thermal windows for radiative heat loss. Among densely insulated feathered regions, the primary feather area (rump) (29.87 ± 0.32 °C and 30.18 ± 0.18 °C), flank (29.90 ± 0.14 °C and 30.62 ± 0.35 °C), and undertail coverts showed the lowest temperatures. The sharp temperature gradient between the hottest and coolest regions supports the role of plumage in regulating core temperature while allowing selective peripheral heat dissipation. The overall surface temperature pattern recorded in the present study showed minimal influence of sex, with a significantly warmer bill temperature in females (37.57 ± 0.17 °C) than in males (37.02 ± 0.15 °C) (p < 0.05). Males had a significantly higher mantle surface temperature (35.13 ± 0.16 °C) than females (34.28 ± 0.34 °C) (p < 0.05). Chin temperature showed a non-significant trend towards a higher value in males (36.93 ± 0.10 °C) than in females, while flank temperature was slightly higher in females (30.62 ± 0.35 °C) than in males (29.90 ± 0.14 °C). Variation in mantle temperature may be due to differences in dorsal feather distribution density. Given the small sample size, imaging protocol, camera precision, and other physiological, environmental, and management-related variables, it is too early to interpret the absolute significance of sex-related patterns. These preliminary observations, recorded for the first time in the Tripureswari duck breed of Tripura, may help to validate its adaptation and hardiness to the humid wetland agro-climate of Tripura.