Journal of Basic and Applied Research International

Analyzing the University Library's Budget Utilization over the Past Five Years: A Case of Navsari Agricultural University in Navsari, Gujarat, India

Rakesh N. Dhimar — 2024-10-23

This study was conducted on the assessment of budget preparation, utilization, and evaluation in the case of Navsari Agricultural University in Navsari, Gujarat. This paper is study about library budget of University Library, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during the last Five Years. This paper study various resources have been purchased by library during last five years. This paper also highlights the amount spent and utilization of this budjet by all different resources like books, e-books, print journals, e-database etc. This study gives the brief background of the university library, NAU, Navsari budjet allocation and their uses by students, faculty and research scholar. This paper compares five years Budget (i.e. April-2019March-2024) in this particular institutes. This paper also indicatevarious reading materials and resources made available to their users, faculty and scientific staff of this university. Most of the University library are suffering for less budjet, so this study is done for evaluate budget of University library, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat was done. I have collect data for this research through annual report of Navsari Agricultural University and also with their concern staff. Target audience of his study in all agricultural university of india, their users, faculty, research scholar and authority.

The Important of Big Data in Machine Learning

Luu Tan Thanh — 2024-11-20

The integration of Big Data and Machine Learning is revolutionizing various industries by enabling smarter decision-making, enhancing automation, and improving predictive analytics. Big Data plays a pivotal role in Machine Learning by providing large volumes of diverse, real-time data that fuel the learning process. The availability of vast amounts of data allows Machine Learning models to be trained on complex patterns, leading to better accuracy, improved generalization, and more reliable predictions. Moreover, Big Data facilitates the use of advanced techniques like deep learning, which require massive datasets for tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and recommendation systems.

However, the role of Big Data extends beyond mere volume; it also offers variety, providing diverse datasets essential for building more robust and adaptable Machine Learning models. The continuous stream of real-time data enables dynamic learning, while data diversity enhances model versatility. Despite these benefits, challenges such as data quality, processing scalability, and privacy concerns must be addressed. In summary, Big Data significantly amplifies the capabilities of Machine Learning by enhancing model performance, driving innovations, and enabling applications across domains such as healthcare, finance, retail, and autonomous systems.

Organization and Implementation of a Common Space for the Promotion of Local Products in Côte d’Ivoire: The Case of the Boutique Paysanne

KOUASSI Dja Flore – LAGO — 2024-10-23

This article explores the implementation of an institutional innovation carried out in the agricultural world. By questioning the aspects relating to the creation of the common space for the promotion of local products, the identification of members, the development of the operating and governance strategy, the implementation of this space, monitoring and administration of advice to cooperators, the author aims to present an innovation that contributes to the empowerment of women processors of local agricultural products. This requires both primary and secondary data to be collected. The results obtained draw their source from the field survey which used techniques (documentary research and semi-directed interview) and a tool (interview grid) for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using rational choice theory.

Influence of Different Sources and Levels of Phosphorus on Yield and Quality of Soybean in Low Calcareous Soil

Pranali Meshram — 2024-11-06

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2023 at Post Graduate Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, to study the impact of different phosphorus sources and levels on soybean yield and quality of soybean in low calcareous soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having eight treatments with three replications. The experiment was planned with the objective to study the efficacy of different phosphorous sources and their level of application to soybean crop. The treatments comprised T₁- Absolute control, T₂- RDF (50:75:45 kg ha^-1 N: P₂O₅: K₂O), T₃- 50% P₂O₅ through PROM, T₄- 75% P₂O₅ through PROM, T₅-100% P₂O₅ through PROM, T₆- 100% P₂O₅ through DAP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1, T₇- 100% P₂O₅ through SSP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1 and T₈- 100% P₂O₅ through vermicompost. The soil of the experimental site was clay loam in texture. The findings of the present investigation revealed that the higher pods per plant (49.66), seeds per plant (149), seed yield (27.63 q ha^-1) and straw yield (33.43 q ha^-1) were recorded in treatment 100% P₂O₅ through SSP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1. The application of 100% P₂O₅through PROM recorded significantly higher number of pods per plant (47.33), number of seeds per plant (142), grain yield (22.62 q ha^-1) and straw yield (24.88 q ha^-1) than the application recommended dose of fertilizers to the soybean crop. In respect of quality parameter, the treatment with 100% P₂O₅through vermicompost showed significantly higher protein content in soybean grain (38.77 %).

In general, the application of organic fertilizers, FYM, PROM, and vermicompost, significantly enhanced soybean yield and quality, indicating their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers in low calcareous soil.

Trend Analysis of Annual Precipitation in Southern Benin using Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) Method

Hilaire Kougbeagbede — 2024-11-06

Aims: Most socio-economic activities depend on the climate. In the context of global climate change, it is crucial to understand how the climate is changing in a country like Benin in order to design effective adaptation responses. This study focused on analyzing the trend of annual precipitation totals in southern Benin.
Study Design: Graphical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Data for this study was collected by M´et´eo-B´enin agency, from 1922 to 2016 across six stations in southern Benin. The selected stations are those with less than ten percent missing data.
Methodology: The innovative trend analysis method (ITA) and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test were applied to the data.
Results: The Mann-Kendall test shows that rainfall is stationary in all stations, while the ITA indicates that Adjohoun (slope = 0.792), Bopa (slope = 1.181), and Grand-Popo (slope = 0.734) are experiencing a relatively increasing trend, whereas Pobe (slope = -1.590) and Sakete (slope = -1.156) show a decreasing trend. By category, low totals have not shown any significant trend across the stations, while medium totals are relatively increasing in Adjohoun. As for high totals, they are decreasing at the stations of Abomey, Adjohoun, Grand-Popo, and Sakete, but increasing at Bopa.
Conclusion: The hidden trends revealed by the ITA are important for decision-making, particularly in agriculture and fishing, which are the main activities in the study area.

Influence of Different Sources and Levels of Phosphorus on Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) and Properties of Low Calcareous Soil

Pranali Meshram — 2024-11-08

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2023 at Post Graduate Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune to study the impact of different phosphorus sources and levels on soybean growth and nutrient uptake in low calcareous soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design having eight treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised T₁ - Absolute control, T₂ - RDF (50:75:45 kg ha^-1 N: P₂O₅: K₂O), T₃ - 50% P₂O₅ through PROM, T₄- 75% P₂O₅ through PROM, T₅ - 100% P₂O₅ through PROM, T₆ - 100% P₂O₅ through DAP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1, T₇ - 100% P₂O₅ through SSP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1 and T₈ - 100% P₂O₅ through vermicompost. The soil of experimental site was clay loam in texture. The findings of the present investigation revealed that the higher nutrient use efficiency was registered in treatment 100% P₂O₅ through SSP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1(16.25 kg kg^-1). The application of 100% P₂O₅through PROM recorded higher nutrient use efficiency (13.31 kg kg^-1) over RDF (11.52 kg kg^-1). In respect of agronomic nutrient use efficiency, 100% P₂O₅ through SSP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1registered higher nitrogen (40 kg grain kg nutrient^-1), phosphorus (26 kg grain kg nutrient^-1) and potassium efficiency (44 kg grain kg nutrient^-1) to soybean crop. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was observed higher in treatment 100% P₂O₅through PROM over treatment RDF.

After harvest of crop the soil pH was remained unaffected while the electrical conductivity of soil was significantly higher in 100 % P₂O₅ through vermicompost and PROM to soybean crop. The application of 100% P₂O₅either through vermicompost or PROM recorded at par organic carbon content in soil (0.66% and 0.64% respectively). The application of 100% P₂O₅ through PROM significantly reduced calcium carbonate (6.29%) in soil.

The 100% P₂O₅ through SSP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1showed higher available nitrogen in soil (297.33 kg ha^-1) while the application of 100% P₂O₅ through DAP + FYM @12.5 t ha^-1exhibited higher level of available phosphorus and potassium content in soil (41.33 and 745.33 kg ha^-1, respectively). Further, the application of 100% P₂O₅ through vermicompost was also significantly superior in available micronutrients like iron (5.7 mg kg^-1), manganese (9.9 mg kg^-1), zinc (4.6 mg kg^-1) and copper (10.4 mg kg^-1).

The application of 100% P₂O₅through PROM registered significantly higher available nitrogen (287.33 kg ha^-1), available phosphorus (37.33 kg ha^-1), available potassium (737.67 kg ha^-1), available micronutrients viz. iron (5.4 mg kg^-1), manganese (9.2 mg kg^-1), zinc (4.4 mg kg^-1) and copper (10.4 mg kg^-1) over recommended dose of fertilizers.

In general, the integration of organic fertilizers, FYM, PROM and vermicompost, with chemical fertilizers can significantly enhance nutrient use efficiency, soil nutrient content, improve soil health and increase soybean yield in low calcareous soils.

Evaluation of Performance Improvement Rate of Plastic Production System Using ARENA: A Case Study of Phoenix Plastic Services

Okafor Monday Onyekachi — 2024-11-08

Production improvement has become essential to all industrial activity because of the fierce competition among today's production systems and organizations and the unquenchable customer demand. The shorter product life cycle has significantly increased the demand for prompt reactions to increase the productivity and efficiency of these industrial systems. This study examined the evaluation of performance improvement rate of plastic production system using ARENA. The report provided by the plastics industry was used in the study to analyze and assess the rate of performance improvement of the plastic manufacturing system. The location of the bottleneck was determined by the research following a thorough analysis of the plastic company's data, which included information on all manufacturing lines and procedures. The research employed Arena to assess and compute the rate of improvement in system performance while accounting for the material transporting process throughout the production line. The conveyor velocity maintains a lock at 75m/min, despite the company's report stating that the transports run at 30m/min. The optimized and unoptimized processes when obtained from a finished recycling process running for 1000 working hours, indicate that the conveyor process had 1045 and 1027 entity input and output, respectively, and the transporter process had 953 and 929 entities input and output respectively. The remaining number left when considering the number that enters the system with the number that leaves the system went to waste, resulting from the sorting and demagnetization process. The introduction of the conveyor brings 10.549% in the production rate and 50% decrease on expenses spent in labor. Through the conveyor system's speed control factor, which is an automated procedure, the system's percentage increment may be further raised. By raising the conveyor system's speed, more items will be produced. Conveyor system installation free up more space for additional production-related equipment, increasing products formed and the company's profit. The cost of purchasing and installing the conveyor will be covered by the excess profit.

Factorization of Modules on Commutative Rings

Ali Karakuş — 2024-11-09

In this article, the factorization of a torsion module structure is examined and definitions and theorems related to the uniform factorization part in modules are given. Then, the prime sub-modules of the modules that can be factorized by a single method are examined and basic definitions and theorems are given. We have also studied the module elements in written form as the product of the unreducible elements of the ring with the unreducible elements of the modules with the help of weak prime units defined on the torsion modules.

The Comparison and Application of 3D-modeled Sutures in the Ironclad Beetle Phloeodes diabolicus for Use in Load-Bearing Construction

Phillip Hwang — 2024-11-27

In this study, 3D printed breakboards based on the elytral suture of Phloeodes diabolicus were tested along with 3 other traditional joints with alterations in suture dimensions and variation in order to compare strength to weight efficiency, additionally accounting for displacement when under load. These models were then tested to measure both strength and displacement over time in order to quantify load tolerances. Our hypothesis suggests that the 2-layer thick ironclad suture-based board would have the most efficient load-bearing capacity compared to other sutures presented in this experiment. Ironclad beetles, also known as the diabolical ironclad beetle, are renowned for their impressive load-bearing capacities and have been studied extensively by researchers for use in real-world biomimetic applications such as construction in the forms of buildings or bridges where strong load-bearing joints are critical. The utilization of such biomimicry in infrastructures can significantly increase load and stress tolerances while simultaneously minimizing excess material, creating more efficient, cheaper, and safer infrastructures for use. Our findings for the 1st testing phase did not fully align with our hypothesis, as the ironclad-modeled sutures were not the strongest joint in terms of strength-to-weight efficiency when compared to the other joint types. However, the 2-layer thick boards were measured to be exponentially stronger compared to boards with only 1 layer. Overall, the ironclad-based sutures were strong, but it underperformed compared to the other joints presented in the experiment. Due to the fact that the ironclad-based sutures in the 1st phase of testing might have not been reflective of the natural counterpart, a second phase of testing aimed at testing variations of more accurately constructed ironclad-based sutures is being implemented. However, this study facilitates the fundamental understanding of the detailed mechanics of ironclad beetles.

Application of Factor Analytic Mixed Model for Multi-environment Trial of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia

Bayisa Asefa — 2024-11-27

This study was carried out using dataset consisted of 15 multi-environment trials (MET) in Alpha lattice design with two replications arranged in plot arrays of rows and columns conducted in Ethiopia during 2021 and 2022 main seasons. The objective of this study was to identify promising wheat genotypes that might suite diverse agro-ecology of the country through analysis of multi-environment trials (MET) data using factor analytic mixed models. The result of the study revealed that estimates for genetic variance components ranged from 0.049 to 1.036 and 0.33 to 1.915 for error variance. By ranking average best linear unbiased prediction (BLUPs) within clusters, the fifteen bread wheat environments were clustered into five mega environments (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5) for grain yield. Thus, factor analytic linear mixed model can be fitted to large and complex MET datasets using a large and highly unbalanced MET dataset where there is a factorial treatment structure. This method is used as a selection indicator, assisting in screening superior and adaptable genotypes. The predicted performance of genotypes based on BLUP values averaged across correlated trails after eliminating C4 and C5 due to low genetic correlation with the other trials and low genetic variation. In addition, the results of the factor analysis for considering relationships among measured traits were confirmed through the cluster analysis. Based on these clusters, the genotypes EBW202104, EBW202058, EBW202057 and EBW202088 were identified as potential genotypes in Bread wheat improvement programs. Moreover, about 58.33% of the genotypes had average grain yield above grand mean; accordingly these genotypes might be selected for subsequent study in bread wheat breeding activities. The examined FA models have also better data fitting, which significantly improves heritability. Therefore, increasing the application of this efficient analysis method will improve the selection of superior bread wheat genotypes. Our study also supports the usefulness of this statistical tool to interpret MET data results and assist decision-making for its routine use in Bread wheat breeding programs.