Journal of Case Reports in Medical Science

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that predominantly affects infants and young children and usually presents as solitary or multiple yellow-orange cutaneous papules or nodules. This case report describes an 8-month-old infant born at term after an unremarkable pregnancy who presented with two papular lesions in the cephalic region that had evolved over six months. Clinical examination showed two well-defined, firm, rounded papules with smooth surfaces, measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter and exhibiting a characteristic orange colouration. The lesions were located at the hairline and on the cheek. No associated inflammatory signs, ulceration, or discharge were observed, and the infant was in good general condition. The characteristic clinical appearance, lesion distribution, and clinical course supported a primarily clinical diagnosis of multiple cutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma. In the absence of severe signs or clinical evidence of extracutaneous involvement, no treatment was initiated. Clinical monitoring was recommended, and the benign, self-resolving nature of the condition was explained to the parents. The case demonstrates a multiple-lesion presentation in infancy with a cephalic distribution and conservative management. The report also emphasises the value of correlating lesion morphology with age and anatomical distribution. Recognition of the characteristic cutaneous features may facilitate appropriate clinical assessment, support careful follow-up, and help avoid unnecessary intervention in uncomplicated skin-limited presentations.