Journal of Disease and Global Health

Background: Tumoral renal lesions are a rare complication in HIV/AIDS patients. The prolonged survival associated with the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is related o an increased incidence of tumoral kidney lesions. The aim of this study is to describe five HIV/AIDS patients with inflammatory and tumoral renal lesions.

Material and Methods: Over a five years period (from 2009 to 2014) a total of five HIV/AIDS patients were diagnosed and management in our hospital. A retrospective analysis of clinical presentation, imaging findings and histopathological diagnosis was carried out.

Results: All patients were male with a median of age of 48 years and unprotected sexual contact was the risk factor for HIV infection in all of them. Median of CD4 T-cell count at the time of renal lesions diagnosis was 35 cell/µl. Three patients had diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and in all of them this tumoral lesions were an incidental finding. The other two presented tumoral inflammatory lesions associated with disseminated aspergillosis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Treatment included nephrectomy and HAART in all the patients and antifungal and antibacterial treatment in the two patients with tumoral inflammatory lesions.

Conclusions: This series showed that renal tumoral lesions may be an incidental finding in the HIV/AIDS population in the HAART era and inflammatory involvement of the kidney should be suspected in the context of disseminated infections.