PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE USING ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE IN CARIBBEAN PATIENTS WITH NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
CHIDUM E. EZENWAKA *
Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
SALEH IDRIS
Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
GERSHWIN DAVIS
Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
LESLEY ROBERTS
National Organ Transplant Unit, Eric Williams Medical Science Complex, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background and Objective: The rate of morbidity and mortality increases when chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study determines the prevalence rates of different stages of CKD in non-communicable disease (NCD) patients based on estimated-glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR).
Methods: Fasting serum creatinine was measured in a cross section of 880 NCD patients (diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes with hypertension). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative classification was used to calculate the different stages of CKD based on e-GFR. Data was analysed using one-way analysis of variance and Chi-squared tests.
Results: 316 (35.9%) of the 880 patients had different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diabetes patients with hypertension had the highest prevalence rate of combined stage 3A and 3B CKD (12.1%), followed by patients with heart disease (9.6%), hypertension (7.7%) and diabetes (6.1%). The NCD patients who were > 60 years had significantly higher prevalence rates of CKD stages 2, 3A and 3B than patients < 60 years old (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the prevalence rates of CKD stages between the male and female patients and between the patients of the two ethnic groups studied (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is prevalent amongst non-communicable disease patients in this population and warrants a strategic intervention at the clinic levels to avoid its progression to end-stage renal disease.
Keywords: Caribbean, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, kidney disease, non-communicable disease