THE EFFECTS OF BLOOD LEAD ON THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY SCORE OF 3rd TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
B. S. SHAMSUL *
Center of Occupational Safety and Health, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
H. H. JAMAL
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
N. I. NIK NASRI
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A. J. ABDUL RAHMAN
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Pregnant women with high blood lead posed high risk to their fetus as placental transfer can occurs to the fetus.
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between blood lead and the neuropsychological score of woman who were in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy.
Methodology: These respondents were underwent a routine antenatal check up at a teaching hospital located in Klang Valley areas. Blood lead concentrations were analyzed using graphite furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The neuropsychological scores were measured with WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test battery (NCTB). The test consists of 7 items, which made up of the Digit Symbol, Trail Making, Digit Span, Benton Visual Retention Test, Pursuit Aiming, Santa Ana Manual Dexterity, Reaction Time and Movement Time tests.
Results: The mean blood lead was 7.78±4.77 mg/dL. The mean score for the total NCTB test was 50.00± 5.24. Statistical analysis showed blood lead concentrations were inversely correlated with the total NCTB score (r=-0.462, p<0.01). The correlation was about 21.3%. The General Linear Model (GLM) showed that age (b = -0.15, r = 0.017), weight (b=2.67, r=0.05) and height (b=-1.97, r=0.05) also influence the total neuropsychological scores.
Conclusion: In conclusion, blood lead reduces the total neuropsychological scores. The scores for each of the 7 items were inversely and significantly correlated with blood lead concentrations except for the Trail Making and Santa Ana Manual Dexterity tests.
Keywords: Neuropsychological scores, blood lead concentrations, high risk to fetus, pregnant mothers