BIOTIC CONSTRAINTS IN RICE PRODUCTIVITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RICE ROOT NEMATODE: Hirschmanniella spp. A REVIEW
HOMAN REGMI *
Division of Biotechnology, Nepal Agriculture Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.
BIJAYALAKSHMI DEVI NONGMAITHEM
Division of Fisheries Economics, Extension and Statistics, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India.
AJIT KUMAR NGANGBAM
Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, 795010, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Rice is a monocotyledonous crop plant falling in the angiosperm division. The major biotic factors affecting rice yields are insect pests, diseases, and nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes are microscopically hidden worms which attack many economically important crop plants and could be a major constraint to obtain high yield of rice. These nematodes are often unnoticed as most of them are root parasitic. Hirschmaniella spp. have been considered as highly damaging plant parasitic nematodes in all rice growing zones of the world. This review provides an insight into damaged rice productivity caused by Hirschmaniella spp. and updated study on rice and Hirschmaniella spp. interaction.
Keywords: Plant parasitic nematode, biotic constraints, Oryza sativa, Hirschmanniella spp