Phenotypic Selection of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Elite Lines for Diseases Resistance and Yield Potential
Tafesse Solomon *
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Berhanu Sime
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Rut Duga
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Negash Geleta
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Alemu Dabi
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Gadisa Alemu
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Abebe Delesa
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Habtemriam Zegeye
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Bayisa Asefa
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Alemu Ayele
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Getnet Muche
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Tamirat Negash
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Daniel Kasa
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Dawit Asnake
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Megersa Bayisa
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Abebe Getamesay
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Demeke Zewdu
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
Niguse Degefa
National Wheat Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Asella (P.O. Box -489), Ethiopia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Wheat diseases and pests globally threaten wheat production. Wheat rust diseases are the most distractive biotic constraint of wheat in Ethiopia. Therefore, this experiment aimed to select and develop wheat rust resistance bread wheat varieties for the farmers. The result of the study revealed highly significant variation existed among tested genotypes for Plant Height (PHT), Days to Heading (DTH), Days to Maturity (DTM), Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW), Hectoliter Weight (HLW), and Yield (YLD) at (P< 0.001). Out the forty-nine introduced genotypes, five genotypes: EBW222153, EBW222159, EBW222160, EBW222162, and EBW222164, showed resistance to moderately resistance for both yellow rust and stem rust diseases across the two test locations. Also, they delivered high average yield: 5.9 tha-1, 4.46 tha-1, 5.17tha-1,4.15 tha-1, and 4.79tha-1 respectively. Furthermore, all the above-mentioned genotypes, except EBW222162, showed significantly higher yield at (P<0.05) than the check variety, Shaki. Furthermore, EBW222153, EBW222159, EBW222160, EBW222162, EBW222164, and EBW222178 would resistance to moderately resistance for stem rust at Melkasa. Thus, the selection of these genotypes and advancing to the next stage of breeding pipelines enables to release noble bread wheat varieties for the farmers.
Keywords: Wheat, stem rust, yellow rust, resistance, moderately resistant, genotype