Journal of Global Ecology and Environment

This study examined the relationship between fuelwood consumption and environmental degradation in Benue State, Nigeria. It focused on five Local Government Areas: Guma, Otukpo, Katsina-Ala, Oju, and Gwer-East. The study investigated the factors responsible for fuelwood use, the major forms and frequency of consumption, perceived environmental effects and possible control measures. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining a questionnaire-based survey with oral interviews. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered, of which 392 were retrieved and analyzed, while 10 respondents were interviewed to provide qualitative insights. Quantitative data were presented using frequency and percentage tables, and interview responses were discussed descriptively. The findings showed that poverty and low income, free or easy access to firewood, the high cost of alternative fuels and limited support infrastructure for cleaner energy sources were major factors encouraging fuelwood consumption. Fuelwood was used mainly as firewood for cooking, processed into charcoal and used for brick burning and other heat-generating activities. Respondents associated fuelwood consumption with air pollution, deforestation, wall blackening, soil erosion, ecological imbalance, desertification, greenhouse gas emissions, disruption of the water cycle, land degradation and biodiversity loss. Suggested control measures included subsidizing alternative fuels, improving support infrastructure, regulating tree felling, promoting efficient stoves, encouraging cleaner fuels, creating public awareness, and supporting economic empowerment. The study concludes that reducing fuelwood dependence in Benue State requires practical, affordable and locally acceptable energy and environmental interventions.