Journal of Global Ecology and Environment

Herpetofauna comprise amphibians and reptiles that are highly sensitive to habitat alteration, climate change, and pollution, making them valuable indicators of ecosystem integrity. Snakes are among the most fascinating yet misunderstood animals, although they play a crucial role in ecological communities. Semi-arid towns such as Chitradurga provide numerous microhabitats for both generalist and habitat-specialist snakes. The present study was conducted in Chitradurga town over one year, from June 2024 to June 2025, using opportunistic sightings and secondary data collection. The objectives were to document snake diversity, estimate sighting frequency and abundance, collect primary and secondary data from snake rescuers, and raise public awareness. The study recorded 19 snake species belonging to six families, with Colubridae accounting for 63% of the total species recorded. Non-venomous snakes comprised a greater proportion than venomous and mildly venomous species. Most species were classified as Least Concern, whereas the Red Sand Boa and Indian Rock Python were classified as Near Threatened. Seasonal variation showed that snake rescues were highest during the monsoon and post-monsoon months and lowest during the hot summer months. The Shannon diversity index indicated a moderately diverse snake community in the study area (H′ = 2.28). The community comprised common, moderately common, and rare species, indicating a relatively balanced distribution of individuals among species. The findings emphasise the importance of conserving snake diversity while addressing public safety. Regular monitoring, targeted awareness campaigns, and improved healthcare preparedness may facilitate human–snake coexistence.