Estimation of Relief and Geometry Based Morphometric Analysis of Tamsa River Watershed in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
Ankit
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Shivam *
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Vikas Kumar Singh
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Vijay Kumar Singh
Department of Processing and Food Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Manish Kumar
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Vipul Chaudhary
Department of Processing and Food Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
P. K. Mishra
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Dewanshu Pandey
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Satendra
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Shubham Vishwakarma
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Sudhanshu Mishra
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Vipin Kumar Roshan
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Sarvda Nand Tiwari
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
Abhishek Kumar
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, MCAET, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Morphometric analysis provides a quantitative basis for examining watershed form, relief, and potential hydrological behaviour. This study estimated the relief and geometric characteristics of the Tamsa (Tons) River watershed in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, using QGIS and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model data. The delineated watershed covers 7,949.27 km² and has a reported basin length of 264 km and perimeter of 1,095.20 km. Elevation ranges from 79 to 107 m, giving a basin relief of 28 m. The mean basin slope of 0.13 m/km, relief ratio of 0.13, and ruggedness number of 0.005 indicate a gently sloping, low-relief terrain with limited surface roughness. A Melton ruggedness number of 0.31 suggests low-to-moderate terrain dissection. The mean basin width of 37.05 km and lemniscate ratio of 1.45 indicate an elongated basin configuration. These relief and geometric characteristics imply relatively gradual runoff concentration, lower erosional energy, delayed peak flow, and favourable opportunities for infiltration and groundwater recharge. The study demonstrates that GIS- and DEM-based morphometric assessment can provide reproducible information on terrain configuration and basin geometry. The findings may support watershed characterisation, erosion assessment, flood-management planning, and the sustainable management of soil and water resources in the study area.
Keywords: Morphometric analysis, Tamsa River, QGIS, DEM, relief, geometric parameters, watershed management