Journal of Global Ecology and Environment

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycorrhizal and Potassium-Humate on Some Physiological and Agronomical Characters of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under Saline Soil Conditions

Nevein L. Eryan, M. S. Genedy — Mon, 15 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Salinity stress is an ultimate challenge restricting wheat production worldwide. A field experiment was carried out during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 winter growing seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, under salt-affected soil (El-Hamrawy Farm) Kafer El-Sheikh, Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate four bread wheat cultivars, i.e. Misr1, Shandaweel1, Sakha95 and Gemmeiza11 under different biological-fertilization; (control, a mycorrhizal fungi and potassium-humate) using a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main-plots were assigned to the four wheat cultivars and the biological-fertilizer treatments were assigned to the sub-plots. Results indicated that Misr1 cultivar gave the highest values for chlorophyll a (mg/l), chlorophyll b (mg/l), total chlorophyll (mg/l), proline content (mg/g fresh weight), carbohydrate content (%), protein content (%), relative water content (%), number of spikes/m² and grain yield (ardab/fed), while Sakha95 cultivar recorded the highest values for flag leaf area (cm²), plant height at harvest (cm) and 1000-grain weight. Shandaweel1 recorded the highest values for spike length (cm), number of spikelets/spike and number of grains/spike. Gemmeiza11 cultivar recorded the lowest values for all wheat physiological and agronomical characters comparing with the other wheat cultivars. However, the results of biological-fertilization with (mycorrhizal-fungi, potassium-humate and control) were significantly influenced all the physiological and agronomical characters under this study. The highest values of the most characters were obtained with potassium-humate treatment, which led to increase grain yield/fed, compared to the lowest values which were occurred in control treatment (without biological fertilization).

Carbon Monoxide Pollution and Limited Health Service Access in Third-world Countries

Celine Chong — Mon, 12 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Despite its complexity, carbon monoxide is a key component of indoor and outdoor air pollution. While carbon monoxide arises from natural sources as well as human activities, the most detrimental exposure risks are within the domestic environment. In third-world countries like Guatemala, a notable positive correlation has been observed between severe respiratory diseases and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. This correlation can be attributed to these regions' housing conditions and daily lifestyle practices. Additionally, the limited healthcare services accessibility in third-world nations exacerbated the severity of domestic carbon monoxide poisoning cases. It is evident that effective healthcare interventions still need to be fully utilized in third-world countries, and thus, there is a need to move beyond identifying broad strategies and specific policies. Addressing the issues of carbon monoxide exposure and its impact on public health in these regions requires comprehensive approaches that take into account the challenges faced by these countries.

To access carbon monoxide concentration in the household, EsayLog USB has been used in this study. The study reviews the amount of carbon monoxide present in certain villages with different conditions and high carbon monoxide concentrations, especially near fires using combustible fuels and houses at high altitudes. The study found that third-world countries' decision-makers should educate communities, build the environment to provide better medical access to the public and implement appropriate regulations to deliver better quality health care to people.

Chemophysical and Metallic Characterization of Surface Water and Precipitation for Environmental Quality Assessment in Oyigbo L.G.A., Rivers State, Nigeria

Nurudeen Onomhoale Ahmed, Godwin J. Udom , Andrew Adesola Obafemi — Wed, 28 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the repercussions of oil industry operations on environmental quality in the Niger Delta, with a specific focus on atmospheric soot contamination. By conducting chemophysical and metallic characterization of surface water (river) and precipitation (rain) in Oyigbo, Rivers State, Nigeria, the research evaluates various chemical and physical parameters, like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, as well as concentrations of heavy metals like lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). The findings uncover a slightly acidic to neutral pH in water samples. The elevated EC in the Imo River, while meeting WHO standards, highlights the delicate balance between industrial development and environmental health. Turbidity values, meeting WHO standards but exceeding limits in some rainwater samples, prompt scrutiny of anthropogenic influences, with fishing and sand mining emerging as potential contributors to river turbidity, while TSS values, though higher along the Imo River, remain within WHO standards. Results reveal Cd, Cu, and Zn adhere to standards, while the elevated Pb levels necessitate further exploration into contamination sources. The heavy metals pollution index (HPI) categorizes the area as polluted and identifies lead as the primary contributor, underlining the urgency of interventions. The potential ecological risks index (PERI) classifies the pollution risk as slight, indicating a low ecological risk level, and reveals risk hierarchies, in the order of metals contributing to pollution as Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn for both river and rainwater. This study unravels the relationship between industrial activities and water quality in Oyigbo, contributing substantively to sustainable water resources and environmental management. The detailed findings stand as a cornerstone for informed decision-making, aiming to mitigate environmental impacts and safeguard ecosystems and communities reliant on vital water sources.

Effect of Crude Oil Polluted Soil on the Reproductive Growth of Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.)

Kayode Peter Balogun, Abiola Titilola Aborisade , Bridget Onoshagbe Odiyi — Fri, 29 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Soil polluted by crude oil is detrimental to the survival of plants and microbes. Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) is a major important food crop, showing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. This study investigated the impact of soil polluted with Bonny Light crude oil (BLCO) on the reproductive growth of two plantain cultivars. Crude oil was added to agricultural soil on which plantain suckers were planted. Reproductive growth was then periodically assessed. The number of suckers was significantly higher in French plantain plants grown on polluted soil in comparison with control. False Horn plantain plants on unpolluted soil produced more suckers in comparison to the plants on polluted soil. Also, the time between planting to flower bud appearance and flower bud appearance to bud opening reduced in plants on polluted soil in both cultivars in comparison with the control. Statistically, there was an insignificant decrease in the fruit size of False Horn plantain on polluted soil compared with the control while there was an appreciable increase with a significant effect in fruits size of French plantain on polluted soil compared with the control. Generally, French plantain tolerated the stress induced by crude oil pollution of soil in its reproductive growth more than False Horn. The reproductive growth of False Horn and French plantain cultivars show that there could be varied response to crude oil polluted soil.