Association between Abo Blood Groups and Lipid Profile of Apparently Healthy Individuals in Enugu Metropolis
Martins Chukwuebuka Mamah
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria.
Ifechukwu Moses Eziechina
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
Somtochukwu Chukwunweike Ezenwalie *
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
Mmasinachi Jennifer Obieke
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
Odinaka Emmanuel Agbaenyi
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the percentage distribution of ABO blood groups and investigate the association between these blood groups and serum lipid profiles among apparently healthy individuals in the Enugu metropolis.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Study Area: Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 104 apparently healthy subjects (55 males, 49 females) aged 18 years and above were recruited via simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to collect biodata, and fasting blood samples were analyzed for ABO blood group antigens and lipid profile parameters, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), and triglycerides (TG). Data were analyzed using student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with significance set at p <0.05.
Results: The blood group distribution was 56.7% for Group O, 25.0% for Group A, 15.4% for Group B, and 2.9% for Group AB. No statistically significant differences were observed in the mean values of TC (p=.63), HDLC (p=.44), LDLC (p=.77), VLDLC (p=.93), and TG (p=.99) when comparing blood groups, A, AB, and O. Similarly, no significant differences existed between male and female subjects across most parameters (p>0.05); however, statistically significant differences in LDLC and HDLC were uniquely identified within individuals belonging to blood group B.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that ABO blood group antigens do not exert a marked effect on serum lipid profiles among apparently healthy individuals in the Enugu metropolis. Consequently, the inherited ABO phenotype may not be a primary independent risk factor for dyslipidemia-related cardiovascular diseases in this population, though gender-specific variations exist within Group B.
Keywords: ABO blood group, lipid profile, Enugu metropolis, cholesterol, triglycerides