Journal of Medicine and Health Research

Continuous monitoring of physiological and musculoskeletal conditions is essential for improving athlete performance and preventing sports-related injuries. Advancements in wearable sensor technology enable non-invasive, real-time tracking of stress, hydration, and tendon health through integrated multi-modal systems. This study presents the development of an integrated multi-modal wearable sensor system for real-time monitoring of athlete stress, hydration, and tendon stiffness. The system leverages an Arduino Uno microcontroller interfaced with multiple physiological and biomechanical sensors, including heart rate and heart rate variability sensors (MAX30102/05), galvanic skin response (GSR) modules, bioimpedance circuits, skin temperature sensors, high-resolution inertial measurement units (MPU6050/ICM-20948), and strain sensors (Flexi Force). By collecting and pre-processing analog and digital signals, the system provides continuous assessment of athlete physiological states and musculoskeletal load without the need for EMG. Data are transmitted wirelessly to a mobile or PC interface for further analysis, while real-time alerts are delivered through vibration motors, LEDs, or buzzers to prevent stress-related issues, dehydration, and tendon overuse injuries. Validation demonstrates the feasibility of integrating multiple sensing modalities in a compact wearable platform, enabling proactive athlete health management and performance optimization.