Journal of Medicine and Health Research

As Nigeria undergoes demographic transition, the growing proportion of older adults has led to a rising burden of cancer in this age group, highlighting the urgent need for specialized geriatric oncology services. Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents transformative opportunities to improve cancer care through enhanced early detection, individualized treatment planning, and remote patient monitoring. These capabilities are particularly valuable in managing the complex health needs of older adults. This paper explores the dual role of AI in Nigeria's geriatric oncology landscape—as both a promising solution and a source of new challenges. Key barriers include limited digital infrastructure, a shortage of AI-trained healthcare professionals, low digital literacy among older adults, socioeconomic inequalities, and the absence of robust regulatory and ethical frameworks. To address these challenges, the paper outlines a strategic roadmap for equitable AI integration in geriatric oncology. Recommended actions include: developing national digital health and AI governance policies, expanding digital and broadband infrastructure, incorporating AI training into medical education and community outreach, supporting local AI innovation through public-private partnerships, and embedding ethical safeguards to minimize algorithmic bias and ensure inclusivity. By adopting these strategies, Nigeria can leverage AI to improve cancer outcomes for its aging population and build a more inclusive, responsive healthcare system.