EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES AND BIOPESTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF Alternaria BLACK ROT DISEASE IN CITRUS
HIRA ANWAAR
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
ZAFAR IQBAL
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
MALIK ABDUL REHMAN
Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
MUSTANSAR MUBEEN
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
AQLEEM ABBAS
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
HAFIZ MUHAMMAD USMAN
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
MUHAMMAD FARHAN
Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, P. R. China.
MUHAMMAD AAMIR SOHAIL
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
JUDITH JERUTO KIPTOO
School of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
SHEHZAD IQBAL
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
ANAM MOOSA
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
KINZA SAJJAD
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Citrus is an important commercial fruit crop of Pakistan. The quality and quantity of citrus can be affected by various factors, including diseases specially diseases caused by fungi. Among the fungal diseases black rot disease (Alternaria citri) cause significant reduction in quality and quantity of citrus in Pakistan. Fungicides and biopesticides are effectively controlling black rot disease of citrus. In present study, six fungicides and gel extract of Aloe vera was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Three different concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm) of fungicides viz. Cabriotop, Amistar, Rally, Nativo Success and Topsin M were evaluated by using food poison technique under laboratory conditions and by spraying on citrus trees under field conditions. In the laboratory conditions Amistar exhibited highest inhibition (59.29%) and 52.59% at concentration of 15 ppm and 10 ppm respectively. whereas minimum inhibition of 29.54 and 31.65% was shown by Rally and Nativo at concentration of 5 ppm. Cabriotop and success exhibited highest inhibition at 15ppm. In field conditions, Amistar showed highest inhibition (52.70%) as compared to other tested fungicides followed by Cabriotop (38.28%), Rally (36.03%) and Nativo (35.58%). However, minimum inhibition of 32.88% and 27.47% was shown by Success and Topsin-M respectively. In-vitro evaluation of three plant extracts was performed against mycelial growth of Alternaria citri. Parthenium showed maximum inhibition at 6% concentration (48.31%) followed by Akk 40.65% while minimum inhibition was showed by Aloe vera 34.45%. Parthenium also showed remarkable results at 4 and 2% concentration as compared to other tested treatments. In conclusion the present results proved that use of Amistar fungicides and Parthenium extract have great potential to manage the black rot disease of citrus.
Keywords: Black rot, fungicides, biopesticides, citrus and evaluation