ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF AMLA SEED MEDIATED GRAPHENE OXIDE, SILVER NANOPARTICLE & Go-Ag NANOPARTICLE - AN in vitro STUDY
SUBASREE SOUNDARAJAN
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
SANKARI MALAIPPAN *
Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
S. RAJESHKUMAR
Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to prepare Amla seed mediated silver nanoparticles, Graphene oxide nanoparticles and GO-Ag nanocomposite and assess its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus & Candida albicans. This is followed by determining the cytotoxicity of amla seed mediated graphene oxide nanoparticles & silver nanoparticles, and GO-Ag nanocomposite using Brine shrimp lethality assay.
Materials and Methods: Amla seed extract was prepared. The filtrate was used in biosynthesis of Silver, Graphene oxide nanoparticles and GO-Ag nanocomposites. After 24 hours of incubation, the samples were measured for its maximum absorbance using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. All the samples were then heat dried to obtain the synthesized silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles and GO-Ag nanocomposite. Antibacterial activity of various concentrations of biosynthesized Amla seed mediated silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles and GO-Ag nanocomposite (50,100,150 μg/ml) against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida albicans was assessed. Cytotoxicity of various concentrations of the nanoparticles was assessed using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay.
Results: AgNPs showed colour change from colorless to reddish brown, GO NPs showed color change from brown to black, whereas GO-Ag nanocomposite turned from black to darker intensity of black. This color change confirms the formation of their respective nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles has good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans
(150 ug/ml – 17 mm Zone of Inhibition) and Lactobacillus (150 ug/ml – 20 mm zone of Inhibition) and showed 20% lethality at 25 ul concentration. Graphene oxide nanoparticles have good antibacterial activity against lactobacillus (150 ug/ml – 20 mm zone of Inhibition) and showed 40% lethality at 25 ul concentration. GO-Ag nanocomposite has minimal antibacterial activity against all the test organisms and showed 10% lethality at 20 and 25 ul. All three nanoparticles showed minimal antibacterial activity against C. albicans (9 mm Zone of Inhibition).
Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles and GO-Ag nanocomposites were synthesized from seed extracts of Amla fruit. Silver, Graphene oxide nanoparticles and GO-Ag nanocomposite showed good antibacterial effect against oral pathogens with minimal cytotoxicity.
Keywords: Amla seed, antibacterial, silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide, nanocomposite, transmission electron microscope.