A Review on Balancing Genomic Selection Efforts for Allogamous Plant Breeding

Heena Kouser H M *

Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.

N B Patil

Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560065, India.

Shudeer

Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Banglore-560065, India.

Ashish H. Bankar

Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Shirpur (Dhule) Maharashtra, India.

Walunjkar Babasaheb Changdeo

Genetics and Plant Breeding, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Agriculture, Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, M.P, India.

Anu Naruka

Genetics and Plant Breeding, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Agriculture, Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, M.P, India.

Manoj Kumar

IARI Regional Station Shimla, 171004, India.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

Genomic selection (GS) represents a paradigm shift in allogamous plant breeding, leveraging genome-wide marker data to predict the genetic potential of breeding candidates with unprecedented accuracy. This comprehensive review explores the evolution, principles, and applications of GS, highlighting its transformative impact on breeding efficiency and crop improvement. GS uses dense SNP markers to capture the genetic architecture of complex traits, surpassing traditional marker-assisted selection in predictive power. The integration of GS in breeding programs for crops like maize and perennial ryegrass has demonstrated significant gains in traits such as yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Despite its advantages, GS faces challenges including high genotyping costs, the need for large training populations, and the complexity of genetic architectures. Economic constraints and ethical concerns about genetic diversity and data access also pose barriers. Emerging technologies such as AI, machine learning, high-throughput phenotyping, and genome editing hold promise for enhancing GS's accuracy and efficiency. Future strategies should focus on optimizing resource allocation, integrating GS with conventional breeding methods, and fostering collaborative efforts for data sharing and capacity building. The long-term impact of GS is profound, potentially accelerating breeding cycles, enhancing genetic diversity, and developing climate-resilient crops. Collaborative initiatives and open-access genomic resources will be crucial in overcoming current limitations and ensuring that GS benefits global agriculture. As GS continues to evolve, it promises to drive sustainable agricultural practices and improve food security, meeting the challenges posed by climate change and a growing global population. This review underscores the critical role of GS in modern plant breeding and its potential to revolutionize crop improvement.


How to Cite

H M, H. K., Patil, N. B., Shudeer, Bankar, A. H., Changdeo, W. B., Naruka, A., & Kumar, M. (2024). A Review on Balancing Genomic Selection Efforts for Allogamous Plant Breeding. PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 25(11-12), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i11-128899

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