Precision in Plant Engineering: Harnessing Genome Editing Tools for Crop Improvement
Bhavyarekha Metta
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144411, India.
S.S Harshavardhan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144411, India.
Alka Soharu
*
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144411, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Genome editing techniques have transformed plant biotechnology allowing more precise and efficient alterations to plant genomes. These novel tools provide new chances for crop development, allowing researchers to build desired features in plant genetics. This study gives a complete summary of recent breakthroughs in plant genome editing technologies, as well as their uses and future possibilities. The advancement of artificial cleavage enzyme like Mega nuclease, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 has ushered a new era of targeted genome modification in plants. These tools employ specific DNA to recognize and digestion procedures to generate double-strand breaks in specific genomic locations, and then use the cells natural repairing system to effect the appropriate alterations. Beyond traditional crop enhancement, genome-editing techniques have helped advance fundamental plant research. They have aided functional genomics research, clarifying the functions of individual genomes and regulatory elements and allowing for the dissection of complicated chemical reactions in plants.
Keywords: Genome editing, mechanisim, advancement, application, mega nuclease, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats