Studies on Biosensors- Recent Developments and Future Perspectives on Biotechnological Applications: An Overview
Garima Shukla
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sachin Vishvakarma
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Nidhi Sharma
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Shruti Singh
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Riya Agarwal
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Pooja Jha
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Suyash Srivastava
Department of CSE, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ghizal Fatima
Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, U.P., India.
Amit Mani Tiwari
Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, U.P., India.
Pankaj Gupta
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sanjay Mishra *
Department of Biotechnology, SR Institute of Management & Technology, Bakshi Ka Talab, Sitapur Road (NH-24), Lucknow-226201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The current review compiles the recent trends and future applications of biosensors in many fields of Biotechnology to detect various biological and biochemical entities in the fields of environmental biotechnology, food biotechnology, medical science and agriculture biotechnology. A biosensor is a an analytical or bioreceptor-integrated device that determines the concentration of analyte in a medium and provides quantitative information. The biosensors that monitors the air, soil and water are whole cell-based biosensors that use microbial cell to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), heavy metals, waterborne bacterial pathogens, measure indoor air quality (IAQ), etc. In this review, plant diseases caused by various pathogens are detected by nucleic acid-based affinity biosensors. In this article, authors also focus on medical-based biosensors that monitor the concentration of various biomolecules such as human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG), glucose, etc. to detect pregnancy and other diseases. Apart from this, it also includes food technology and processing-based biosensors to determine and verify the food quality by detecting microbial contaminants, nutrient contents and product freshness by detecting biogenic amines, lactic acid, etc. This review provides new insights into developing certain fascinating and economically interesting models likely to be eco-friendly.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Keywords: Agriculture biotechnology, biosensor, bioreceptors, clinical science, environmental biotechnology, food biotechnology, microbial contaminant