Rhizopogon spp. as Emerging Functional Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of Metabolites and Medicinal Potential
Chandrahas Dewangan
Bio-resource Product Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG), 495009, India.
Neelam Shukla
Bio-resource Product Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG), 495009, India.
Sakshi Agrawal
Bio-resource Product Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG), 495009, India.
Chandan Das
Bio-resource Product Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG), 495009, India.
Jyotshna Mayee Bag
Bio-resource Product Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG), 495009, India.
Monali Nanda
Bio-resource Product Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG), 495009, India.
Sushil Kumar Shahi *
Bio-resource Product Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (CG), 495009, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Rhizopogon mushrooms, which are ectomycorrhizal fungi linked to coniferous trees, are receiving increased attention due to their possible health advantages, biotechnological, pharmaceutical applications, and vital role in ecological balance. This article examines the chemical composition and pharmacological characteristics of various Rhizopogon species. The methodology of this review relied on reputable scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, with a focus on English-language articles investigating the metabolite profiles and therapeutic attributes of Rhizopogon. Literature from the last ten years (2013-2023) was selected for analysis after the removal of duplicates and paid content. The examination uncovered a wide array of bioactive metabolites in Rhizopogon species, comprising phenolic compounds, flavonoids, meroterpenoids, fatty acids, peptides, and sterols. Furthermore, the review delves into the potential medicinal properties of Rhizopogon extracts, emphasizing activities such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiproliferative, anticholinesterase, apoptotic and necrotic, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, and antimalarial effects. Significantly, this literature accentuates the necessity for further investigation to elucidate mechanisms of action, refine extraction techniques, and carry out in-vivo studies to confirm the effectiveness and safety of Rhizopogon extracts as a novel drug for human applications. In conclusion, this review underscores Rhizopogon mushrooms as a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds that have the potential to enhance health and prevent diseases.
Keywords: Medicinal property, metabolite content, mushrooms, Rhizopogon